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CI/CD practices play a significant role during collaborative software development by automating time-consuming and repetitive tasks such as testing, building, quality checking, dependency and security management. GitHub Actions, the CI/CD…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pooya Rostami Mazrae , Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens , Mairieli Wessel

GitHub natively supports workflow automation through GitHub Actions. Yet, workflow maintenance is often considered a burden for software developers, who frequently face difficulties in writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining workflows.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hassan Onsori Delicheh , Guillaume Cardoen , Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) have become fundamental to modern software development, with GitHub Actions (GHA) emerging as a dominant automation platform. In this study, we analyze real-world execution records of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ali Khatami , Carolin Brandt , Andy Zaidman

In open-source projects, anyone can contribute, so it is important to have an active continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline in addition to a protocol for reporting security concerns, especially in projects that are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Jessy Ayala , Joshua Garcia

Automated tools are frequently used in social coding repositories to perform repetitive activities that are part of the distributed software development process. Recently, GitHub introduced GitHub Actions, a feature providing automated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Timothy Kinsman , Mairieli Wessel , Marco A. Gerosa , Christoph Treude

The demand for quick and reliable DevOps operations pushed distributors of repository platforms to implement workflows. Workflows allow automating code management operations directly on the repository hosting the software. However, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Giacomo Benedetti , Luca Verderame , Alessio Merlo

GitHub Actions is a widely used platform to automate the build and deployment of software projects through configurable workflows. As the platform's popularity grows, it also becomes a target of choice for software supply chain attacks.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Madjda Fares , Yogya Gamage , Benoit Baudry

GitHub workflows or GitHub CI is a popular continuous integration platform that enables developers to automate various software engineering tasks by specifying them as workflows, i.e., YAML files with a list of jobs. However, engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xinyu Zhang , Siddharth Muralee , Sourag Cherupattamoolayil , Aravind Machiry

GitHub Actions (GA) is an orchestration platform that streamlines the automatic execution of software engineering tasks such as building, testing, and deployment. Although GA workflows are the primary means for automation, according to our…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Pablo Valenzuela-Toledo , Alexandre Bergel , Timo Kehrer , Oscar Nierstrasz

GitHub introduced "Actions" in 2019 to increase workflow velocity and add customized automation to the repositories. Any individual can develop Actions for automating workflow on GitHub repositories and others can reuse them whenever open…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Sk Golam Saroar , Maleknaz Nayebi

GitHub Actions (GHA) CI workflows are critical infrastructure, but current tooling offers only syntactic or heuristic checks and does not enforce documented best practices for security, maintainability, or performance. Consequently, issues…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Edward Abrokwah , Taher A. Ghaleb

Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery (CI/CD) caching is widely used to reduce repeated computation and improve CI/CD efficiency, yet maintaining effective caching requires ongoing maintenance effort. In this paper, we present the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kazi Amit Hasan , Yuan Tian , Safwat Hassan , Steven H. H. Ding

GitHub is the most widely used social, distributed version control system. It has around 10 million registered users and hosts over 16 million public repositories. Its user base is also very active as GitHub ranks in the top 100 Alexa most…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Amirali Sanatinia , Guevara Noubir

Software projects frequently use automation tools to perform repetitive activities in the distributed software development process. Recently, GitHub introduced GitHub Actions, a feature providing automated workflows for software projects.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Mairieli Wessel , Joseph Vargovich , Marco A. Gerosa , Christoph Treude

GitHub Actions (GA) has become the de facto tool that developers use to automate software workflows, seamlessly building, testing, and deploying code. Yet when GA fails, it disrupts development, causing delays and driving up costs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Pablo Valenzuela-Toledo , Chuyue Wu , Sandro Hernandez , Alexander Boll , Roman Machacek , Sebastiano Panichella , Timo Kehrer

The rapid adoption of foundation models (e.g., large language models) has given rise to promptware, i.e., software built using natural language prompts. Effective management of prompts, such as organization and quality assurance, is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hao Li , Hicham Masri , Filipe R. Cogo , Abdul Ali Bangash , Bram Adams , Ahmed E. Hassan

Context: GitHub hosts an impressive number of high-quality OSS projects. However, selecting "the right tool for the job" is a challenging task, because we do not have precise information about those high-quality projects. Objective: In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Jailton Coelho , Marco Tulio Valente , Luciano Milen , Luciana L. Silva

Continuous Integration (CI) has evolved from a tooling strategy to a fundamental mindset in modern CI engineering. It enables teams to develop, test, and deliver software rapidly and collaboratively. Among CI services, GitHub Actions (GHA)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Edward Abrokwah , Taher A. Ghaleb

Large-scale software development has become a highly collaborative and geographically distributed endeavour, especially in open-source software development ecosystems and their associated developer communities. It has given rise to modern…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Mairieli Wessel , Tom Mens , Alexandre Decan , Pooya Rostami Mazrae

Background: Open source software has an increasing importance in modern software development. However, there is also a growing concern on the sustainability of such projects, which are usually managed by a small number of developers,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Jailton Coelho , Marco Tulio Valente , Luciana L. Silva , Emad Shihab
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