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Mid-training has become an important stage in modern LLM development, using large-scale curated mixtures to strengthen capabilities before final post-training. Its data selection problem is distinct: the data are optimized under a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haowen Wang , Yaxin Du , Jian Yang , Jiajun Wu , Shukai Liu , Yuxuan Zhang , Pingjie Wang , Siheng Chen , Tuney Zheng , Ming Zhou , Xianglong Liu

Industry practitioners care about small improvements in malware detection accuracy because their models are deployed to hundreds of millions of machines, meaning a 0.1\% change can cause an overwhelming number of false positives. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tirth Patel , Fred Lu , Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas , Cynthia Matuszek , James Holt

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

Current LLM-based frameworks for text anonymization usually rely on remote API services from powerful LLMs, which creates an inherent privacy paradox: users must disclose the raw data to untrusted third parties for guaranteed privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Donghang Duan , Xu Zheng , Yuefeng He , Chong Mu , Leyi Cai , Lizong Zhang

Using runtime execution artifacts to identify malware and its associated family is an established technique in the security domain. Many papers in the literature rely on explicit features derived from network, file system, or registry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Aziz Mohaisen , Omar Alrawi , Jeman Park , Joongheon Kim , DaeHun Nyang , Manar Mohaisen

Network analysis and machine learning techniques have been widely applied for building malware detection systems. Though these systems attain impressive results, they often are $(i)$ not extensible, being monolithic, well tuned for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Yashovardhan Sharma , Simon Birnbach , Ivan Martinovic

Double-blind peer review is considered a pillar of academic research because it is perceived to ensure a fair, unbiased, and fact-centered scientific discussion. Yet, experienced researchers can often correctly guess from which research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Leonard Bauersfeld , Angel Romero , Manasi Muglikar , Davide Scaramuzza

Binary code authorship identification determines authors of a binary program. Existing techniques have used supervised machine learning for this task. In this paper, we look this problem from an attacker's perspective. We aim to modify a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Xiaozhu Meng , Barton P. Miller , Somesh Jha

Synthetic tabular data is essential for machine learning workflows, especially for expanding small or imbalanced datasets and enabling privacy-preserving data sharing. However, state-of-the-art generative models (GANs, VAEs, diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jessup Byun , Xiaofeng Lin , Joshua Ward , Guang Cheng

As LLMs rapidly advance and enter real-world use, their privacy implications are increasingly important. We study an authorship de-anonymization threat: using LLMs to link anonymous documents to their authors, potentially compromising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Lirui Zhang , Huishuai Zhang

Accurately classifying malware in an environment allows the creation of better response and remediation strategies by cyber analysts. However, classifying malware in a live environment is a difficult task due to the large number of system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Phillip Brown , Austin Brown , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

SourceRank is a scoring system made of 18 metrics that assess the popularity and quality of open-source packages. Despite being used in several recent studies, none has thoroughly analyzed its reliability against evasion attacks aimed at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Biagio Montaruli , Serena Elisa Ponta , Luca Compagna , Davide Balzarotti

Providing security for information is highly critical in the current era with devices enabled with smart technology, where assuming a day without the internet is highly impossible. Fast internet at a cheaper price, not only made…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Sharmila S P , Aruna Tiwari , Narendra S Chaudhari

Large Language Models (LLMs) embed sensitive, human-generated data, prompting the need for unlearning methods. Although certified unlearning offers strong privacy guarantees, its restrictive assumptions make it unsuitable for LLMs, giving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Rongzhe Wei , Mufei Li , Mohsen Ghassemi , Eleonora Kreačić , Yifan Li , Xiang Yue , Bo Li , Vamsi K. Potluru , Pan Li , Eli Chien

Myopic Optimization with Non-myopic Approval (MONA) mitigates multi-step reward hacking by restricting the agent's planning horizon while supplying far-sighted approval as a training signal~\cite{farquhar2025mona}. The original paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Nathan Heath

Once analysed, location trajectories can provide valuable insights beneficial to various applications. However, such data is also highly sensitive, rendering them susceptible to privacy risks in the event of mismanagement, for example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Nicholas D'Silva , Toran Shahi , Øyvind Timian Dokk Husveg , Adith Sanjeeve , Erik Buchholz , Salil S. Kanhere

Malware family classification is an age old problem that many Anti-Virus (AV) companies have tackled. There are two common techniques used for classification, signature based and behavior based. Signature based classification uses a common…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-03-29 Abedelaziz Mohaisen , Omar Alrawi

Authorship obfuscation techniques hold the promise of helping people protect their privacy in online communications by automatically rewriting text to hide the identity of the original author. However, obfuscation has been evaluated in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Calvin Bao , Marine Carpuat

Remote attestation (RA) is a popular means of detecting malware in embedded and IoT devices. RA is usually realized as an interactive protocol, whereby a trusted party -- verifier -- measures integrity of a potentially compromised remote…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Xavier Carpent , Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Gene Tsudik

As our professional, social, and financial existences become increasingly digitized and as our government, healthcare, and military infrastructures rely more on computer technologies, they present larger and more lucrative targets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-05 Ethan M. Rudd , Andras Rozsa , Manuel Günther , Terrance E. Boult