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Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at reasoning and generation but are inherently limited by static pretraining data, resulting in factual inaccuracies and weak adaptability to new information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Yuxin Wang , Tingshuo Fan , Yuan Li , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves large language models (LMs) by incorporating non-parametric knowledge through evidence retrieved from external sources. However, it often struggles to cope with inconsistent and irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dongwon Jung , Qin Liu , Tenghao Huang , Ben Zhou , Muhao Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge bases, but this advancement introduces significant privacy risks. Existing privacy attacks on RAG systems can trigger data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yufei Chen , Yao Wang , Haibin Zhang , Tao Gu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external sources to improve factual accuracy and verifiability. However, this reliance introduces new attack surfaces within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Saket S. Chaturvedi , Gaurav Bagwe , Lan Zhang , Xiaoyong Yuan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) shows promise for enterprise knowledge work, yet it often underperforms in high-stakes decision settings that require deep synthesis, strict traceability, and recovery from underspecified prompts.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Xincheng You , Qi Sun , Neha Bora , Huayi Li , Shubham Goel , Kang Li , Sean Culatana

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge into their input prompts. However, when the retrieved context contradicts the LLM's parametric knowledge, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Eunseong Choi , June Park , Hyeri Lee , Jongwuk Lee

Professional domain knowledge underpins human civilization, serving as both the basis for industry entry and the core of complex decision-making and problem-solving. However, existing large language models often suffer from opaque inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xudong Wang , Zilong Wang , Zhaoyan Ming

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models by incorporating external knowledge, addressing issues like outdated internal knowledge and hallucination. However, their reliance on external knowledge bases makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Cheng Wang , Yiwei Wang , Yujun Cai , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into real-world personalized applications through retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mechanisms to supplement their responses with domain-specific knowledge. However, the valuable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Junfeng Guo , Yiming Li , Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Chenxi Liu , Yanshuo Chen , Heng Huang

GraphRAG advances retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) by structuring external knowledge as multi-scale knowledge graphs, enabling language models to integrate both broad context and granular details in their generation. While GraphRAG has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jiacheng Liang , Yuhui Wang , Changjiang Li , Rongyi Zhu , Tanqiu Jiang , Neil Gong , Ting Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common technique for grounding language model outputs in domain-specific information. However, RAG is often challenged by reasoning-intensive question-answering (QA), since common retrieval methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Saadat Hasan Khan , Spencer Hong , Jingyu Wu , Kevin Lybarger , Youbing Yin , Erin Babinsky , Daben Liu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown strong capability in enhancing language models' knowledge and reducing AI generative hallucinations, driving its widespread use. However, complex tasks requiring multi-round retrieval remain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Diji Yang , Linda Zeng , Jinmeng Rao , Yi Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) leverages external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in code synthesis, improving the functional correctness of the generated code. However, existing RACG systems largely overlook…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) improves knowledge-intensive question answering by incorporating external evidence. However, existing RAG methods still suffer from hallucinations and subtle reasoning errors. Recent studies introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Wenhan Xiao , Ziwei Zhang , Chuanyue Yu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Runhua Xu , Jianxin Li

While RAG systems are increasingly deployed in dynamic web search, temporal volatility amplifies their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. Existing static-oriented defenses struggle to handle evolving threats and incur prohibitive storage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ziyuan Chen , Yueming Lyu , Yi Liu , Weixiang Han , Jing Dong , Caifeng Shan , Tieniu Tan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is key to enhancing large language models (LLMs) to systematically access richer factual knowledge. Yet, using RAG brings intrinsic challenges, as LLMs must deal with potentially conflicting knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Leonardo Ranaldi , Federico Ranaldi , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an important means of enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, most existing RAG strategies treat retrieved passages in a flat and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Dongqi Liu , Hang Ding , Qiming Feng , Xurong Xie , Zhucun Xue , Chengjie Wang , Jian Li , Jiangning Zhang , Yabiao Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a common practice in multimodal large language models (MLLM) to enhance factual grounding and reduce hallucination. Yet, its reliance on retrieval exposes MLLMs to knowledge poisoning attacks,…

Neural network classifiers are vulnerable to data poisoning attacks, as attackers can degrade or even manipulate their predictions thorough poisoning only a few training samples. However, the robustness of heuristic defenses is hard to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Ruoxin Chen , Jie Li , Chentao Wu , Bin Sheng , Ping Li