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Training instabilities such as loss spikes are frequently the result of stochastic gradient noise. Because of rare expressions in language training data, and multiple layer composition, the noise impact is heavy-tailed and survives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zitao Song , Cedar Site Bai , Zhe Zhang , Brian Bullins , David F. Gleich

This article presents a novel class of control policies for networked control of Lyapunov-stable linear systems with bounded inputs. The control channel is assumed to have i.i.d. Bernoulli packet dropouts and the system is assumed to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Prabhat K. Mishra , Debasish Chatterjee , Daniel E. Quevedo

Motivated by emerging applications in machine learning, we consider an optimization problem in a general form where the gradient of the objective function is available through a biased stochastic oracle. We assume a bias-control parameter…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Yin Liu , Sam Davanloo Tajbakhsh

While standard reinforcement learning optimizes a single reward signal, many applications require optimizing a nonlinear utility $f(J_1^\pi,\dots,J_M^\pi)$ over multiple objectives, where each $J_m^\pi$ denotes the expected discounted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Swetha Ganesh , Vaneet Aggarwal

We study the complexity of finding the global solution to stochastic nonconvex optimization when the objective function satisfies global Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL) inequality and the queries from stochastic gradient oracles satisfy mild…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-05 Ilyas Fatkhullin , Jalal Etesami , Niao He , Negar Kiyavash

This paper studies gradient dynamics subject to additive random noise, which may arise from sources such as stochastic gradient estimation, measurement noise, or stochastic sampling errors. To analyze the robustness of such stochastic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Leilei Cui , Zhong-Ping Jiang , Eduardo D. Sontag

We consider the problem of minimizing a $d$-dimensional Lipschitz convex function using a stochastic gradient oracle. We introduce and motivate a setting where the noise of the stochastic gradient is isotropic in that it is bounded in every…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Annie Marsden , Liam O'Carroll , Aaron Sidford , Chenyi Zhang

The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem has reemerged as an important theoretical benchmark for reinforcement learning-based control of complex dynamical systems with continuous state and action spaces. In contrast with nearly all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Benjamin Gravell , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Tyler Summers

This work studies constrained stochastic optimization problems where the objective and constraint functions are convex and expressed as compositions of stochastic functions. The problem arises in the context of fair classification, fair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Srujan Teja Thomdapu , Harshvardhan , Ketan Rajawat

This paper presents a novel learning economic model predictive control scheme for uncertain nonlinear systems subject to input and state constraints and unknown dynamics. We design a fast and accurate Lipschitz regression method using input…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-09 Weiliang Xiong , Defeng He , Haiping Du

Previous research has shown that constraining the gradient of loss function with respect to model-predicted probabilities can enhance the model robustness against noisy labels. These methods typically specify a fixed optimal threshold for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Xichen Ye , Yifan Wu , Weizhong Zhang , Xiaoqiang Li , Yifan Chen , Cheng Jin

We consider an agent trying to bring a system to an acceptable state by repeated probabilistic action. Several recent works on algorithmizations of the Lovasz Local Lemma (LLL) can be seen as establishing sufficient conditions for the agent…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Dimitris Achlioptas , Fotis Iliopoulos , Nikos Vlassis

We explore reinforcement learning methods for finding the optimal policy in the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem. In particular, we consider the convergence of policy gradient methods in the setting of known and unknown parameters.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Ben Hambly , Renyuan Xu , Huining Yang

We consider stochastic optimization problems with heavy-tailed noise with structured density. For such problems, we show that it is possible to get faster rates of convergence than $\mathcal{O}(K^{-2(\alpha - 1)/\alpha})$, when the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Nikita Puchkin , Eduard Gorbunov , Nikolay Kutuzov , Alexander Gasnikov

Policy gradient methods are a vital ingredient behind the success of modern reinforcement learning. Modern policy gradient methods, although successful, introduce a residual error in gradient estimation. In this work, we argue that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Pulkit Katdare , Anant Joshi , Katherine Driggs-Campbell

This work revisits standard policy gradient methods used on restricted policy classes, which are known to get stuck in suboptimal critical points. We identify an important cause for this phenomenon to be that the policy gradient is itself…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alex DeWeese , Guannan Qu

Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL) addresses sequential decision-making problems where agents are required to achieve goals by maximizing the expected return while meeting domain-specific constraints. In this setting, policy-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Alessandro Montenegro , Leonardo Cesani , Marco Mussi , Matteo Papini , Alberto Maria Metelli

We study stochastic policy gradient methods from the perspective of control-theoretic limitations. Our main result is that ill-conditioned linear systems in the sense of Doyle inevitably lead to noisy gradient estimates. We also give an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Ingvar Ziemann , Anastasios Tsiamis , Henrik Sandberg , Nikolai Matni

Policy gradient methods are widely used in reinforcement learning. Yet, the nonconvexity of policy optimization poses significant challenges in understanding the global convergence of policy gradient methods. For a class of finite-horizon…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Xin Chen , Yifan Hu , Minda Zhao

Robust regression aims to develop methods for estimating an unknown regression function in the presence of outliers, heavy-tailed distributions, or contaminated data, which can severely impact performance. Most existing theoretical results…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-27 Hongwei Wen , Annika Betken , Wouter Koolen