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Robotic arms are increasingly being used in collaborative environments, requiring an accurate understanding of human intentions to ensure both effectiveness and safety. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which measure brain activity,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Byeong-Hoo Lee , Kang Yin

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) extends LLM capabilities by leveraging external environments. However, existing methods lack the deliberation during sequential tool invocation required for strategic planning and self-correction. While RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yang He , Xiao Ding , Bibo Cai , Yufei Zhang , Kai Xiong , Zhouhao Sun , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Through the integration of external tools, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o and Llama 3.1 significantly expand their functional capabilities, evolving from elementary conversational agents to general-purpose assistants. We argue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Zhenchao Jin , Mengchen Liu , Dongdong Chen , Lingting Zhu , Yunsheng Li , Lequan Yu

Spatial reasoning in 3D scenes requires precise geometric calculations that challenge vision-language models. Visual programming addresses this by decomposing problems into steps calling specialized tools, yet existing methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Shengguang Wu , Xiaohan Wang , Yuhui Zhang , Hao Zhu , Serena Yeung-Levy

In embodied intelligence, datasets play a pivotal role, serving as both a knowledge repository and a conduit for information transfer. The two most critical attributes of a dataset are the amount of information it provides and how easily…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jiahao Xiao , Bowen Yan , Jianbo Zhang , Jia Wang , Chunyi Li , Zhengxue Cheng , Guangtao Zhai

Embodied artificial intelligence emphasizes the role of an agent's body in generating human-like behaviors. The recent efforts on EmbodiedAI pay a lot of attention to building up machine learning models to possess perceiving, planning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chen Gao , Baining Zhao , Weichen Zhang , Jinzhu Mao , Jun Zhang , Zhiheng Zheng , Fanhang Man , Jianjie Fang , Zile Zhou , Jinqiang Cui , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li

In recent years, vision-based end-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a new paradigm. However, popular end-to-end approaches typically rely on visual feature extraction networks trained under label supervision. This limited supervision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ling Niu , Xiaoji Zheng , Han Wang , Chen Zheng , Ziyuan Yang , Bokui Chen , Jiangtao Gong

Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) augments large language models (LLMs) with the ability to invoke external tools during long-form reasoning, such as search engines and code interpreters, to solve tasks beyond the capabilities of internal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongru Wang , Cheng Qian , Wanjun Zhong , Xiusi Chen , Jiahao Qiu , Shijue Huang , Bowen Jin , Mengdi Wang , Kam-Fai Wong , Heng Ji

Embodied Chain-of-Thought (ECoT) reasoning enhances vision-language-action (VLA) models by improving performance and interpretability through intermediate reasoning steps. However, its sequential autoregressive token generation introduces…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zhekai Duan , Yuan Zhang , Shikai Geng , Gaowen Liu , Joschka Boedecker , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu

Embodied task planning requires agents to execute long-horizon, goal-directed actions in complex 3D environments, where success depends on both immediate perception and accumulated experience across tasks. However, most existing LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Lianyu Hu , Wenbing Tang , Zixuan Hu , Zeqin Liao , Zhizhen Wu , Yang Liu

As access to high-quality, domain-specific data grows increasingly scarce, multi-epoch training has become a practical strategy for adapting large language models (LLMs). However, autoregressive models often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiapeng Wang , Yiwen Hu , Yanzipeng Gao , Haoyu Wang , Shuo Wang , Hongyu Lu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junyi Li , Xiao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhance their problem-solving capability by utilizing external tools. However, in open-world scenarios with massive and evolving tool repositories, existing methods relying on static embedding retrieval or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Shouzheng Huang , Meishan Zhang , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Agentic systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in tackling complex, long-horizon tasks. However, their efficacy is fundamentally constrained by static configurations governing agent behaviors,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jingqi Zhou , Sheng Wang , DeZhao Deng , Junwen Lu , Junwei Su , Qintong Li , Jiahui Gao , Hao Wu , Jiyue Jiang , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

Emotional Support Conversation requires not only affective expression but also grounded instrumental support to provide trustworthy guidance. However, existing ESC systems and benchmarks largely focus on affective support in text-only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xingyu Sui , Yanyan Zhao , Yulin Hu , Jiahe Guo , Weixiang Zhao , Bing Qin

In-Network Collective (INC) acceleration holds immense potential for optimizing AI training and inference; however, its cross-layer nature has historically hindered investment and adoption within the open Ethernet ecosystem. To bridge this…

The increasing adoption of heterogeneous platforms that combine CPUs with accelerators such as GPUs in high-performance computing (HPC) introduces new challenges for performance analysis and optimization. Traditional efficiency metrics,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ghazal Rahimi , Victor Lopez , Marc Clascà , Joan Vinyals Ylla Català , Jesus Labarta , Marta Garcia-Gasulla

Embodied cognition argues that intelligence arises from sensorimotor interaction rather than passive observation. It raises an intriguing question: do modern vision-language models (VLMs), trained largely in a disembodied manner, exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Qineng Wang , Wenlong Huang , Yu Zhou , Hang Yin , Tianwei Bao , Jianwen Lyu , Weiyu Liu , Ruohan Zhang , Jiajun Wu , Li Fei-Fei , Manling Li

Embodied AI systems, including robots and autonomous vehicles, are increasingly integrated into real-world applications, where they encounter a range of vulnerabilities stemming from both environmental and system-level factors. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Wenpeng Xing , Minghao Li , Mohan Li , Meng Han

Tool-augmented language models, equipped with retrieval, memory, or external APIs, are reshaping AI, yet their theoretical advantages remain underexplored. In this paper, we address this question by demonstrating the benefits of in-tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Sam Houliston , Ambroise Odonnat , Charles Arnal , Vivien Cabannes