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Jailbreaking large-language models (LLMs) involves testing their robustness against adversarial prompts and evaluating their ability to withstand prompt attacks that could elicit unauthorized or malicious responses. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Aman Goel , Xian Carrie Wu , Zhe Wang , Dmitriy Bespalov , Yanjun Qi

Testing with randomly generated inputs (fuzzing) has gained significant traction due to its capacity to expose program vulnerabilities automatically. Fuzz testing campaigns generate large amounts of data, making them ideal for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Maria-Irina Nicolae , Max Eisele , Andreas Zeller

Library fuzzing is essential for hardening the software supply chain, but adopting it at scale remains expensive. Practitioners still spend substantial effort on environment setup, struggle to generate harnesses that respect intricate API…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yunlong Lyu , Peng Chen , Fengyi Wu , Junzhe Yu , Kit Long Hon , Hao Chen

Fuzzing has proven to be a highly effective approach to uncover software bugs over the past decade. After AFL popularized the groundbreaking concept of lightweight coverage feedback, the field of fuzzing has seen a vast amount of scientific…

The "all-or-nothing" clause evaluation strategy is a core mechanism in the Tsetlin Machine (TM) family of algorithms. In this approach, each clause - a logical pattern composed of binary literals mapped to input data - is disqualified from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Artem Hnilov

In vulnerability detection, machine learning has been used as an effective static analysis technique, although it suffers from a significant rate of false positives. Contextually, in vulnerability discovery, fuzzing has been used as an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Gianpietro Castiglione , Marcello Maugeri , Giampaolo Bella

Coverage-guided Greybox Fuzzing (CGF) is one of the most successful and widely-used techniques for bug hunting. Two major approaches are adopted to optimize CGF: (i) to reduce search space of inputs by inferring relationships between input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Kunpeng Zhang , Xi Xiao , Xiaogang Zhu , Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue , Sheng Wen

Fuzz testing has become a cornerstone technique for identifying software bugs and security vulnerabilities, with broad adoption in both industry and open-source communities. Directly fuzzing a function requires fuzz drivers, which translate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Paschal C. Amusuo , Dongge Liu , Ricardo Andres Calvo Mendez , Jonathan Metzman , Oliver Chang , James C. Davis

Fuzzing is a highly effective automated testing method for uncovering software vulnerabilities. Despite advances in fuzzing techniques, such as coverage-guided greybox fuzzing, many fuzzers struggle with coverage plateaus caused by fuzz…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Wentao Gao , Renata Borovica-Gajic , Sang Kil Cha , Tian Qiu , Van-Thuan Pham

Command-line interface (CLI) fuzzing tests programs by mutating both command-line options and input file contents, thus enabling discovery of vulnerabilities that only manifest under specific option-input combinations. Prior works of CLI…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Momoko Shiraishi , Yinzhi Cao , Takahiro Shinagawa

Mutation testing can help reduce the risks of releasing faulty software. For such reason, it is a desired practice for the development of embedded software running in safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). Unfortunately,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Jaekwon Lee , Enrico Viganò , Oscar Cornejo , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

Fuzzing network servers is a technical challenge, since the behavior of the target server depends on its state over a sequence of multiple messages. Existing solutions are costly and difficult to use, as they rely on manually-customized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Roberto Natella

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative learning paradigm enabling participants to collectively train a shared machine learning model while preserving the privacy of their sensitive data. Nevertheless, the inherent decentralized and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-08 K Naveen Kumar , C Krishna Mohan , Aravind Machiry

Manual confirmation of static analysis reports is a daunting task. This is due to both the large number of warnings and the high density of false positives among them. Fuzzing techniques have been proposed to verify static analysis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Aniruddhan Murali , Noble Saji Mathews , Mahmoud Alfadel , Meiyappan Nagappan , Meng Xu

Crafting high-quality fuzz drivers not only is time-consuming but also requires a deep understanding of the library. However, the state-of-the-art automatic fuzz driver generation techniques fall short of expectations. While fuzz drivers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yunlong Lyu , Yuxuan Xie , Peng Chen , Hao Chen

Fuzzing is highly effective in detecting bugs due to the key contribution of randomness. However, randomness significantly reduces the efficiency of fuzzing, causing it to cost days or weeks to expose bugs. Even though directed fuzzing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Xiaotao Feng , Xiaogang Zhu , Kun Hu , Jincheng Wang , Yingjie Cao , Guang Gong , Jianfeng Pan

Fuzz testing, or fuzzing, has become one of the de facto standard techniques for bug finding in the software industry. In general, fuzzing provides various inputs to the target program to discover unhandled exceptions and crashes. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Yifan Wang , Yuchen Zhang , Chengbin Pang , Peng Li , Nikolaos Triandopoulos , Jun Xu

Mutation testing can help minimize the delivery of faulty software. Therefore, it is a recommended practice for developing embedded software in safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, state-of-the-art mutation testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jaekwon Lee , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

Mutation-based fuzzing is effective for uncovering compiler bugs, but designing high-quality mutators for modern languages with complex constructs (e.g., templates, macros) remains challenging. Existing methods rely heavily on manual design…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Bo Wang , Pengyang Wang , Chong Chen , Ming Deng , Jieke Shi , Qi Sun , Chengran Yang , Youfang Lin , Zhou Yang , Junjie Chen , Jun Sun , David Lo

The increasing complexity of embedded software has made comprehensive manual testing impractical, motivating the use of automated techniques such as fuzzing. Coverage-guided fuzzers like AFL++ have shown strong results for conventional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Chiara Ghinami , Igor Pontes Tresolavy , Luis Seibt , Nils Bosbach , Rainer Leupers