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With the successful demonstration of transversal CNOTs in many recent experiments, it is the right moment to examine its implications on one of the most critical parts of fault-tolerant computation -- magic state preparation. Using an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Nicholas Fazio , Mark Webster , Zhenyu Cai

We analyse a model for fault-tolerant quantum computation with low overhead suitable for situations where the noise is biased. The basis for this scheme is a gadget for the fault-tolerant preparation of magic states that enable universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Paul Webster , Stephen D. Bartlett , David Poulin

Knowledge distillation offers a transformative pathway to developing powerful, yet efficient, small language models (SLMs) suitable for resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we benchmark the performance and computational cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sachin Gopal Wani , Eric Page , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison

Magic states are eigenstates of non-Pauli operators. One way of suppressing errors present in magic states is to perform parity measurements in their non-Pauli eigenbasis and postselect on even parity. Here we develop new protocols based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-23 Earl T. Campbell , Mark Howard

Quantum computation holds the promise of solving certain complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. However, the high prevalent noise in current quantum devices impedes the accurate execution of even basic algorithms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Prithviraj Prabhu

Magic state distillation is a crucial component in the leading approaches to implementing universal fault tolerant quantum computation, with existing protocols for both qubit and higher dimensional systems. Early work focused on determining…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-25 Hillary Dawkins , Mark Howard

One of the major challenges in realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers (FTQCs) is the requirement for a large number of physical qubits. To address this issue, high-rate quantum error correcting codes, which efficiently embed logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Kohei Yamamoto , Keisuke Fujii

Efficient distillation is a key pathway for converting expensive reasoning capability into deployable efficiency, yet in the frontier regime where the student already has strong reasoning ability, naive continual distillation often yields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhanming Shen , Jiaqi Hu , Zeyu Qin , Hao Chen , Wentao Ye , Zenan Huang , Yihong Zhuang , Guoshan Lu , Junlin Zhou , Junbo Zhao

As the gap between compute and I/O performance tends to grow, modern High-Performance Computing (HPC) architectures include a new resource type: an intermediate persistent fast memory layer, called burst buffers. This is just one of many…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Adrian Naruszko , Bartłomiej Przybylski , Krzysztof Rzadca

Determining the best attainable threshold for qudit magic state distillation is directly related to the question of whether or not contextuality is sufficient for universal quantum computation. We show that the performance of a qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Shiroman Prakash , Rishabh Singhal

This paper explores a new approach to fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), relying on quantum polar codes. We consider quantum polar codes of Calderbank-Shor-Steane type, encoding one logical qubit, which we refer to as $\mathcal{Q}_1$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Ashutosh Goswami , Mehdi Mhalla , Valentin Savin

Quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computation are two fundamental concepts which make quantum computing feasible. While providing a theoretical means with which to ensure the arbitrary accuracy of any quantum circuit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Stephens , S. J. Devitt , A. G. Fowler , J. C. Ang , L. C. L. Hollenberg

In this work, we explore a new approach to designing both algorithms and error detection codes for preparing approximate ground states of molecules. We propose a classical algorithm to find the optimal stabilizer state by using excitations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Abhinav Anand , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

We study the resources needed to construct topological 2D stabilizer codes as a way to estimate in part their efficiency and this leads us to perform a comparative study of surface codes and color codes. This study clarifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale up and gain powerful Chain-of-Thoughts (CoTs) reasoning abilities, practical resource constraints drive efforts to distill these capabilities into more compact Smaller Language Models (SLMs). We find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengwei Dai , Kun Li , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

With the rise of powerful closed-sourced LLMs (ChatGPT, GPT-4), there are increasing interests in distilling the capabilies of close-sourced LLMs to smaller open-sourced LLMs. Previous distillation methods usually prompt ChatGPT to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Hailin Chen , Amrita Saha , Steven Hoi , Shafiq Joty

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a quantum algorithm that enables performing logical non-Clifford gates with in principle arbitrarily low noise level. It is herein typically assumed that logical Clifford gates can be executed without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Sascha Heußen

Coherent errors are a dominant noise process in many quantum computing architectures. Unlike stochastic errors, these errors can combine constructively and grow into highly detrimental overrotations. To combat this, we introduce a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-26 Dripto Debroy , Muyuan Li , Michael Newman , Kenneth R. Brown

The overhead exponent -- characterizing the scaling of the number of noisy magic states with respect to the target distillation error -- has been a central quantity to benchmark magic state distillation protocols. On the other hand, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Koki Ehara , Ryuji Takagi