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Commercial insurance underwriting is a labor-intensive process that requires manual review of extensive documentation to assess risk and determine policy pricing. While AI offers substantial efficiency improvements, existing solutions lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Joyjit Roy , Samaresh Kumar Singh

To understand and identify the unprecedented risks posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) models, Frontier AI Risk Management Framework in Practice presents a comprehensive assessment of their frontier risks. As Large…

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and act across multi-step workflows with external effects, meaning trustworthy deployment can no longer be judged by task completion alone. The current literature remains fragmented across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Christopher Koch , Joshua Andreas Wellbrock

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose increasing risks to society, making it essential for developers to provide assurances about their safety. One approach to offering such assurances is through a safety case: a structured,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Arthur Goemans , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jonas Schuett , Tomek Korbak , Jessica Wang , Benjamin Hilton , Geoffrey Irving

We present counterfactual planning as a design approach for creating a range of safety mechanisms that can be applied in hypothetical future AI systems which have Artificial General Intelligence. The key step in counterfactual planning is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Koen Holtman

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) systems act with a high degree of independence yet lack legal personhood-a paradox that fractures doctrines grounded in human-centric notions of mens rea and actus reus. This Article introduces…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

LLM agents increasingly act on external systems, yet tool effects are immediate. Under failures, speculation, or contention, losing branches can leak unintended side effects with no safe rollback. We introduce Atomix, a runtime that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Bardia Mohammadi , Nearchos Potamitis , Lars Klein , Akhil Arora , Laurent Bindschaedler

Current large language model agent frameworks prioritize autonomy but lack the governability mechanisms required for enterprise deployment. High-risk write operations proceed without independent review, complex tasks lack acceptance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kai Pan , Rong Hou

Current AI systems increasingly operate in contexts where their outputs directly trigger real-world actions. Most existing approaches to AI safety, risk management, and governance focus on post-hoc validation, probabilistic risk estimation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gadi Lavi

Autonomous AI agents are rapidly transitioning from experimental tools to operational infrastructure, with projections that 80% of enterprise applications will embed AI copilots by the end of 2026. As agents gain the ability to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Joel Fokou

An Agentic AI Workflow (AAW), also known as an LLM-based multi-agent system, is an autonomous system that assembles several LLM-based agents to work collaboratively towards a shared goal. The high autonomy, widespread adoption, and growing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Amit Giloni , Chiara Picardi , Roy Betser , Shamik Bose , Aishvariya Priya Rathina Sabapathy , Roman Vainshtein

The rapid evolution of autonomous, agentic artificial intelligence within financial services has introduced an existential architectural crisis: large language models (LLMs) are probabilistic, non-deterministic systems operating in domains…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Devakh Rashie , Veda Rashi

Counterfactual inference is a powerful tool for analysing and evaluating autonomous agents, but its application to language model (LM) agents remains challenging. Existing work on counterfactuals in LMs has primarily focused on token-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Edoardo Pona , Milad Kazemi , Yali Du , David Watson , Nicola Paoletti

Contemporary AI governance frameworks rely heavily on post hoc oversight, policy guidance, and behavioral alignment techniques, yet these mechanisms become fragile as systems gain autonomy, speed, and operational opacity. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Adam Massimo Mazzocchetti

Structured-workflow agents driven by large language models execute tool calls against sensitive external environments. We propose \codename, a telemetry-driven behavioral anomaly detection firewall. Drawing on sequence-based intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hung Dang

AI agents dynamically acquire tools, orchestrate sub-agents, and transact across organizational boundaries, yet no existing security layer verifies what an agent can do, whether it executed what it claims, or what happened in a multi-agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Ziling Zhou

AI agents -- systems that plan, reason, and act using large language models -- produce non-deterministic, path-dependent behavior that cannot be fully governed at design time, where with governed we mean striking the right balance between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Maurits Kaptein , Vassilis-Javed Khan , Andriy Podstavnychy

Estimating catastrophic harms from frontier AI is hindered by deep ambiguity: many of its risks are not only unobserved but unanticipated by analysts. The central limitation of current risk analysis is the inability to populate the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Daniel Carpenter , Carson Ezell , Pratyush Mallick , Alexandria Westray

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, existing safety evaluations face a fundamental trade-off: manual benchmarks are costly, while LLM-based simulators are scalable but suffer from logic hallucination. We present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Changyi Li , Pengfei Lu , Xudong Pan , Fazl Barez , Min Yang

As AI agents evolve from text generators into autonomous economic actors that accept jobs, manage budgets, and delegate to sub-agents, the absence of runtime governance becomes a critical gap. Existing frameworks orchestrate agent behavior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aojie Yuan , Haiyue Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Yue Zhao