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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered tutoring chatbots, showing promise in providing broad access to high-quality personalized education. Existing works have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Ryan S. Baker , Andrew Lan

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to scale up personalized tutoring through large language models (LLMs). Recent AI tutors are adapted for the tutoring task by training or prompting LLMs to follow effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Naiming Liu , Jaewook Lee , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Large Language Models possess skills such as answering questions, writing essays or solving programming exercises. Since these models are easily accessible, researchers have investigated their capabilities and risks for programming…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Lianne Roest , Hieke Keuning , Johan Jeuring

Large language models (LLMs) built on existing reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) frameworks typically optimize responses based on immediate turn-level human preferences. However, this approach falls short in multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyunji Nam , Omer Gottesman , Amy Zhang , Dean Foster , Emma Brunskill , Lyle Ungar

Reciprocal questioning is essential for effective teaching and learning, fostering active engagement and deeper understanding through collaborative interactions, especially in large classrooms. Can large language model (LLM), such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chee Wei Tan

Eliciting information to reduce uncertainty about a latent entity is a critical task in many application domains, e.g., assessing individual student learning outcomes, diagnosing underlying diseases, or learning user preferences. Though…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Jimmy Wang , Thomas Zollo , Richard Zemel , Hongseok Namkoong

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are able to generate human-like, fluent responses for many downstream tasks, e.g., task-oriented dialog and question answering. However, applying LLMs to real-world, mission-critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Pengcheng He , Hao Cheng , Yujia Xie , Yu Hu , Qiuyuan Huang , Lars Liden , Zhou Yu , Weizhu Chen , Jianfeng Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in reasoning across diverse domains. However, effective reasoning in real-world tasks requires adapting the reasoning strategy to the demands of the problem, ranging from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xinda Jia , Jinpeng Li , Zezhong Wang , Jingjing Li , Xingshan Zeng , Yasheng Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu , Weiwen Liu

This paper introduces the design and development of a framework that integrates a large language model (LLM) with a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) approach leveraging both a knowledge graph and user interaction history. The framework…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Lalita Na Nongkhai , Jingyun Wang , Adam Wynn , Takahiko Mendori

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating human-like dialogues and comprehending text. However, understanding the subtleties of complex exchanges in language remains a challenge. We propose a bootstrapping framework that leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Tanushree Banerjee , Richard Zhu , Runzhe Yang , Karthik Narasimhan

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) marks a transformative era in technology, especially within the educational sector. This paper explores the integration of LLMs within learning management systems (LMSs) to develop an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Kyle Spriggs , Meng Cheng Lau , Kalpdrum Passi

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their potential to refine their generation based on their own feedback. However, the feedback from LLM itself is often inaccurate, thereby limiting its benefits. In this paper, we propose Study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Danqing Wang , Lei Li

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for simulating user behavior in the domain of Interactive Information Retrieval has recently gained significant popularity. However, their application and capabilities remain highly debated and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Andreas Konstantin Kruff , Timo Breuer , Philipp Schaer

To complete an open-ended programming exercise, students need to both plan a high-level solution and implement it using the appropriate syntax. However, these problems are often autograded on the correctness of the final submission through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Mehmet Arif Demirtaş , Claire Zheng , Max Fowler , Kathryn Cunningham

Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) are transforming educational technology by enabling conversational tutoring, personalized explanations, and inquiry-driven learning. However, most AI-based learning systems rely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Joseph Walusimbi , Ann Move Oguti , Joshua Benjamin Ssentongo , Keith Ainebyona

As the applications of large language models (LLMs) expand across diverse fields, the ability of these models to adapt to ongoing changes in data, tasks, and user preferences becomes crucial. Traditional training methods, relying on static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Junhao Zheng , Shengjie Qiu , Chengming Shi , Qianli Ma

Recent advancements in explainable recommendation have greatly bolstered user experience by elucidating the decision-making rationale. However, the existing methods actually fail to provide effective feedback signals for potentially better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jiakai Tang , Jingsen Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xueyang Feng , Lei Wang , Xu Chen