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The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for accessibility guidance, yet many disability groups remain underserved by their advice. To address this gap, we present taxonomy aligned benchmark1 of human validated, general purpose…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Deepika Dash , Yeshil Bangera , Mithil Bangera , Gouthami Vadithya , Srikant Panda

Previous work adopts large language models (LLMs) as evaluators to evaluate natural language process (NLP) tasks. However, certain shortcomings, e.g., fairness, scope, and accuracy, persist for current LLM evaluators. To analyze whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Qintong Li , Leyang Cui , Lingpeng Kong , Wei Bi

As Large Language Models and Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology rapidly develop and spread into daily life, it becomes crucial to anticipate how their use could harm people. One problem that has received a lot of attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Oskar van der Wal , Dominik Bachmann , Alina Leidinger , Leendert van Maanen , Willem Zuidema , Katrin Schulz

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit hallucinations in long-form question-answering tasks across various domains and wide applications. Current hallucination detection and mitigation datasets are limited in domains and sizes, which struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuzhe Gu , Ziwei Ji , Wenwei Zhang , Chengqi Lyu , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Hundreds of millions of people rely on large language models (LLMs) for education, work, and even healthcare. Yet these models are known to reproduce and amplify social biases present in their training data. Moreover, text-based interfaces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Carolin Holtermann , Minh Duc Bui , Kaitlyn Zhou , Valentin Hofmann , Katharina von der Wense , Anne Lauscher

This systematic literature review comprehensively examines the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in forecasting and anomaly detection, highlighting the current state of research, inherent challenges, and prospective future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jing Su , Chufeng Jiang , Xin Jin , Yuxin Qiao , Tingsong Xiao , Hongda Ma , Rong Wei , Zhi Jing , Jiajun Xu , Junhong Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly positioned as scalable tools for annotating educational data, including classroom discourse, interaction logs, and qualitative learning artifacts. Their ability to rapidly summarize…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bakhtawar Ahtisham , Kirk Vanacore , Rene F. Kizilcec

The rapid deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) models demands a thorough investigation of biases and risks inherent in these models to understand their impact on individuals and society. This study extends the focus of bias evaluation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Katelyn X. Mei , Sonia Fereidooni , Aylin Caliskan

Language technologies have made enormous progress, especially with the introduction of large language models (LLMs). On traditional tasks such as machine translation and sentiment analysis, these models perform at near-human level. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Diyi Yang , Dirk Hovy , David Jurgens , Barbara Plank

Natural language processing (NLP) has seen remarkable advancements with the development of large language models (LLMs). Despite these advancements, LLMs often produce socially biased outputs. Recent studies have mainly addressed this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zhenjie Xu , Wenqing Chen , Yi Tang , Xuanying Li , Cheng Hu , Zhixuan Chu , Kui Ren , Zibin Zheng , Zhichao Lu

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced traditional evaluation methodologies. This progress presents novel challenges, such as measuring human-like psychological constructs, moving beyond static and task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Haoran Ye , Jing Jin , Yuhang Xie , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Safety policies define what constitutes safe and unsafe AI outputs, guiding data annotation and model development. However, annotation disagreement is pervasive and can stem from multiple sources such as operational failures (annotators…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Alex Oesterling , Donghao Ren , Yannick Assogba , Dominik Moritz , Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Leon Gatys , Fred Hohman

Large Language Models (LLM) have made significant advances in the recent past becoming more mainstream in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled human-facing applications. However, LLMs often generate stereotypical output inherited from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Wu Zekun , Sahan Bulathwela , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with the potential to benefit society immensely, yet, they have demonstrated biases that perpetuate societal inequalities. Despite significant advancements in bias mitigation techniques using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Deonna M. Owens , Ryan A. Rossi , Sungchul Kim , Tong Yu , Franck Dernoncourt , Xiang Chen , Ruiyi Zhang , Jiuxiang Gu , Hanieh Deilamsalehy , Nedim Lipka

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit social biases, which can lead to harmful stereotypes and unfair outcomes. We propose \textbf{Multi-Persona Thinking (MPT)}, a simple inference-time framework that reduces social bias by encouraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yuxing Chen , Guoqing Luo , Zijun Wu , Lili Mou

Social media platforms provide users the freedom of expression and a medium to exchange information and express diverse opinions. Unfortunately, this has also resulted in the growth of abusive content with the purpose of discriminating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sohail Akhtar , Valerio Basile , Viviana Patti

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a superior ability to serve as ranking models. However, concerns have arisen as LLMs will exhibit discriminatory ranking behaviors based on users' sensitive attributes (\eg gender).…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Chen Xu , Wenjie Wang , Yuxin Li , Liang Pang , Jun Xu , Tat-Seng Chua

Drawing on constructs from psychology, prior work has identified a distinction between explicit and implicit bias in large language models (LLMs). While many LLMs undergo post-training alignment and safety procedures to avoid expressions of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Molly Apsel , Michael N. Jones

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used as decision aids. However, users have diverse values and preferences that can affect their decision-making, which requires novel methods for LLM alignment and personalization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Bharadwaj Ravichandran , David Joy , Paul Elliott , Brian Hu , Jadie Adams , Christopher Funk , Emily Veenhuis , Anthony Hoogs , Arslan Basharat