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While Reinforcement Learning (RL) enhances Large Language Model reasoning, on-policy algorithms like GRPO are sample-inefficient as they discard past rollouts. Existing experience replay methods address this by reusing accurate samples for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Long Li , Zhijian Zhou , Tianyi Wang , Weidi Xu , Zuming Huang , Wei Chu , Zhe Wang , Shirui Pan , Chao Qu , Yuan Qi

Real-world reinforcement learning is often \emph{nonstationary}: rewards and dynamics drift, accelerate, oscillate, and trigger abrupt switches in the optimal action. Existing theory often represents nonstationarity with coarse-scale models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Supervised and preference-based fine-tuning techniques have become popular for aligning large language models (LLMs) with user intent and correctness criteria. However, real-world training data often exhibits spurious correlations --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Julia Shuieh , Prasann Singhal , Apaar Shanker , John Heyer , George Pu , Samuel Denton

Provably sample-efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL) with rich observations and function approximation has witnessed tremendous recent progress, particularly when the underlying function approximators are linear. In this linear regime,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Alekh Agarwal , Tong Zhang

Conventional wisdom holds that large-batch training is fundamentally incompatible with Reinforcement Learning (RL) - beyond a modest threshold, increasing batch sizes typically yields diminishing returns or performance degradation due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Jongchan Park

Action-conditioned robot world models generate future video frames of the manipulated scene given a robot action sequence, offering a promising alternative for simulating tasks that are difficult to model with traditional physics engines.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jai Bardhan , Patrik Drozdik , Josef Sivic , Vladimir Petrik

In the past few years, DRL has become a valuable solution to automatically learn efficient resource management strategies in complex networks with time-varying statistics. However, the increased complexity of 5G and Beyond networks requires…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Seyyidahmed Lahmer , Federico Mason , Federico Chiariotti , Andrea Zanella

The ability to transfer skills across tasks has the potential to scale up reinforcement learning (RL) agents to environments currently out of reach. Recently, a framework based on two ideas, successor features (SFs) and generalised policy…

Recent advancements in flow-matching have enabled high-quality text-to-image generation. However, the deterministic nature of flow-matching models makes them poorly suited for reinforcement learning, a key tool for improving image quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Benjamin Yu , Jackie Liu , Justin Cui

We propose a novel approach to address one aspect of the non-stationarity problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL), where the other agents may alter their policies due to environment changes during execution. This violates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Yixiang Wang , Feng Wu

The stability-plasticity dilemma, closely related to a neural network's (NN) capacity-its ability to represent tasks-is a fundamental challenge in continual learning (CL). Within this context, we introduce CL's effective model capacity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Supriyo Chakraborty , Krishnan Raghavan

Learning in multi-agent environments is difficult due to the non-stationarity introduced by an opponent's or partner's changing behaviors. Instead of reactively adapting to the other agent's (opponent or partner) behavior, we propose an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Woodrow Z. Wang , Andy Shih , Annie Xie , Dorsa Sadigh

Dealing with high variance is a significant challenge in model-free reinforcement learning (RL). Existing methods are unreliable, exhibiting high variance in performance from run to run using different initializations/seeds. Focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Richard Cheng , Abhinav Verma , Gabor Orosz , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue , Joel W. Burdick

The evolution of the human brain has led to the development of complex synaptic plasticity, enabling dynamic adaptation to a constantly evolving world. This progress inspires our exploration into a new paradigm for Spiking Neural Networks…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Yang Li , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

Accurate and stable feature matching is critical for computer vision tasks, particularly in applications such as Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). While recent learning-based feature matching methods have demonstrated promising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yuqing Wang , Yan Wang , Hailiang Tang , Xiaoji Niu

Environmental variations can significantly influence how populations compete for resources, and hence shape their evolution. Here, we study population dynamics subject to a fluctuating environment modeled by a varying carrying capacity…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2023-04-14 Ami Taitelbaum , Robert West , Mauro Mobilia , Michael Assaf

Transfer in Reinforcement Learning (RL) refers to the idea of applying knowledge gained from previous tasks to solving related tasks. Learning a universal value function (Schaul et al., 2015), which generalizes over goals and states, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Chen Ma , Dylan R. Ashley , Junfeng Wen , Yoshua Bengio

Learning compatible representations enables the interchangeable use of semantic features as models are updated over time. This is particularly relevant in search and retrieval systems where it is crucial to avoid reprocessing of the gallery…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Niccolò Biondi , Federico Pernici , Simone Ricci , Alberto Del Bimbo

Many real-world physical control systems are required to satisfy constraints upon deployment. Furthermore, real-world systems are often subject to effects such as non-stationarity, wear-and-tear, uncalibrated sensors and so on. Such effects…

One of the great promises of robot learning systems is that they will be able to learn from their mistakes and continuously adapt to ever-changing environments. Despite this potential, most of the robot learning systems today are deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Ryan Julian , Benjamin Swanson , Gaurav S. Sukhatme , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman