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Complex Query Answering (CQA) is a crucial reasoning task over Knowledge Graphs (KGs), which aims to answer first-order logical queries from incomplete KGs. While existing neural-symbolic methods achieve strong performance, they face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weizhi Fei , Zihao Wang , hang Yin , Shukai Zhao , Wei Zhang , Yangqiu Song

Question answering is an effective method for obtaining information from knowledge bases (KB). In this paper, we propose the Neural-Symbolic Complex Question Answering (NS-CQA) model, a data-efficient reinforcement learning framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Yuncheng Hua , Yuan-Fang Li , Guilin Qi , Wei Wu , Jingyao Zhang , Daiqing Qi

To answer complex queries on knowledge graphs, logical reasoning over incomplete knowledge is required due to the open-world assumption. Learning-based methods are essential because they are capable of generalizing over unobserved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Hang Yin , Zihao Wang , Weizhi Fei , Yangqiu Song

Semantic code search is the task of retrieving a code snippet given a textual description of its functionality. Recent work has been focused on using similarity metrics between neural embeddings of text and code. However, current language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Shushan Arakelyan , Anna Hakhverdyan , Miltiadis Allamanis , Luis Garcia , Christophe Hauser , Xiang Ren

Answering complex queries over knowledge graphs (KG) is an important yet challenging task because of the KG incompleteness issue and cascading errors during reasoning. Recent query embedding (QE) approaches to embed the entities and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Zezhong Xu , Wen Zhang , Peng Ye , Hui Chen , Huajun Chen

Complex query answering (CQA) goes beyond the well-studied link prediction task by addressing more sophisticated queries that require multi-hop reasoning over incomplete knowledge graphs (KGs). Research on neural and neurosymbolic CQA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Parsa Abbasi , Stefan Heindorf

Complex Query Answering (CQA) is an important and fundamental task for knowledge graph (KG) reasoning. Query encoding (QE) is proposed as a fast and robust solution to CQA. In the encoding process, most existing QE methods first parse the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jiaxin Bai , Tianshi Zheng , Yangqiu Song

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA)is an important task in Natural Language Processing. Existing approaches face significant challenges including complex question understanding, necessity for reasoning, and lack of large end-to-end…

Compositional spatio-temporal reasoning poses a significant challenge in the field of video question answering (VideoQA). Existing approaches struggle to establish effective symbolic reasoning structures, which are crucial for answering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Lili Liang , Guanglu Sun , Jin Qiu , Lizhong Zhang

The challenge of answering graph queries over incomplete knowledge graphs is gaining significant attention in the machine learning community. Neuro-symbolic models have emerged as a promising approach, combining good performance with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Tamara Cucumides , Daniel Daza , Pablo Barceló , Michael Cochez , Floris Geerts , Juan L Reutter , Miguel Romero

Answering complex first-order logic (FOL) queries on knowledge graphs is a fundamental task for multi-hop reasoning. Traditional symbolic methods traverse a complete knowledge graph to extract the answers, which provides good interpretation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Zhaocheng Zhu , Mikhail Galkin , Zuobai Zhang , Jian Tang

Multimodal IR, spanning text corpus, knowledge graph and images, called outside knowledge visual question answering (OKVQA), is of much recent interest. However, the popular data set has serious limitations. A surprisingly large fraction of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Aman Jain , Mayank Kothyari , Vishwajeet Kumar , Preethi Jyothi , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Soumen Chakrabarti

While large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing, they struggle with complex, multi-step reasoning tasks involving knowledge graphs (KGs). Existing approaches that integrate LLMs and KGs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Zixuan Dong , Baoyun Peng , Yufei Wang , Jia Fu , Xiaodong Wang , Yongxue Shan , Xin Zhou

The Scholarly Question Answering over Linked Data (Scholarly QALD) at The International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) 2023 challenge presents two sub-tasks to tackle question answering (QA) over knowledge graphs (KGs). We answer the KGQA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Hanna Abi Akl

Neural methods for Complex Query Answering (CQA) over knowledge graphs (KGs) are widely believed to learn patterns that generalize beyond explicit graph structure, allowing them to infer answers that are unreachable through symbolic query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yannick Brunink , Daniel Daza , Yunjie He , Michael Cochez

Complex Query Answering (CQA) over incomplete Knowledge Graphs (KGs), typically formalized as reasoning with Existential First-Order predicate logic with one free variable (EFO\textsubscript{1}), faces a fundamental tradeoff between logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuyin Lu , Hegang Chen , Shanrui Xie , Yanghui Rao , Haoran Xie , Fu Lee Wang , Qing Li

The Knowledge Graph Completion~(KGC) task aims to infer the missing entity from an incomplete triple. Existing embedding-based methods rely solely on triples in the KG, which is vulnerable to specious relation patterns and long-tail…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Muzhi Li , Cehao Yang , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Yiyan Qi , Jian Guo , Ho-fung Leung , Irwin King

We present M$^3$-VQA, a novel knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmark, to enhance the evaluation of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in fine-grained multimodal entity understanding and complex multi-hop reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jiatong Ma , Longteng Guo , Yuchen Liu , Zijia Zhao , Dongze Hao , Xuanxu Lin , Jing Liu

Complex Query Answering (CQA) is a challenge task of Knowledge Graph (KG). Due to the incompleteness of KGs, query embedding (QE) methods have been proposed to encode queries and entities into the same embedding space, and treat logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yao Xu , Shizhu He , Cunguang Wang , Li Cai , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Visual reasoning tasks such as visual question answering (VQA) require an interplay of visual perception with reasoning about the question semantics grounded in perception. However, recent advances in this area are still primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Saeed Amizadeh , Hamid Palangi , Oleksandr Polozov , Yichen Huang , Kazuhito Koishida
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