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In this paper, we claim that spatial understanding is the keypoint in robot manipulation, and propose SpatialVLA to explore effective spatial representations for the robot foundation model. Specifically, we introduce Ego3D Position Encoding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Delin Qu , Haoming Song , Qizhi Chen , Yuanqi Yao , Xinyi Ye , Yan Ding , Zhigang Wang , JiaYuan Gu , Bin Zhao , Dong Wang , Xuelong Li

In this work, we focus on unsupervised vision-language-action mapping in the area of robotic manipulation. Recently, multiple approaches employing pre-trained large language and vision models have been proposed for this task. However, they…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Gabriela Sejnova , Michal Vavrecka , Karla Stepanova

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown promise in robot manipulation but often struggle to generalize to new instructions or complex multi-task scenarios. We identify a critical pathology in current training paradigms where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Shijie Lian , Bin Yu , Xiaopeng Lin , Laurence T. Yang , Zhaolong Shen , Changti Wu , Yuzhuo Miao , Cong Huang , Kai Chen

The field of visual representation learning has seen explosive growth in the past years, but its benefits in robotics have been surprisingly limited so far. Prior work uses generic visual representations as a basis to learn (task-specific)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jianren Wang , Sudeep Dasari , Mohan Kumar Srirama , Shubham Tulsiani , Abhinav Gupta

We introduce Vysics, a vision-and-physics framework for a robot to build an expressive geometry and dynamics model of a single rigid body, using a seconds-long RGBD video and the robot's proprioception. While the computer vision community…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Bibit Bianchini , Minghan Zhu , Mengti Sun , Bowen Jiang , Camillo J. Taylor , Michael Posa

In this work, we introduce a novel method for solving the set inversion problem by formulating it as a binary classification problem. Aiming to develop a fast algorithm that can work effectively with high-dimensional and computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Binh T. Nguyen , Duy M. Nguyen , Lam Si Tung Ho , Vu Dinh

Vision-language-action (VLA) models show potential for general robotic tasks, but remain challenging in spatiotemporally coherent manipulation, which requires fine-grained representations. Typically, existing methods embed 3D positions into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Hanyu Zhou , Chuanhao Ma , Gim Hee Lee

Latent Action Models (LAMs) enable Vision- Language-Action (VLA) systems to learn semantic action representations from large-scale unannotated data. Yet, we identify two bottlenecks of LAMs: 1) the commonly adopted end-to-end trained image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhejia Cai , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Shiyi Liang , Ronghan Chen , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu , Ruqi Huang

Many robotic manipulation tasks require sensing and responding to force signals such as torque to assess whether the task has been successfully completed and to enable closed-loop control. However, current Vision-Language-Action (VLA)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Zongzheng Zhang , Haobo Xu , Zhuo Yang , Chenghao Yue , Zehao Lin , Huan-ang Gao , Ziwei Wang , Hao Zhao

We present Vision in Action (ViA), an active perception system for bimanual robot manipulation. ViA learns task-relevant active perceptual strategies (e.g., searching, tracking, and focusing) directly from human demonstrations. On the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Haoyu Xiong , Xiaomeng Xu , Jimmy Wu , Yifan Hou , Jeannette Bohg , Shuran Song

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for enabling generalist robots capable of perceiving, reasoning, and acting in the real world. These models usually build upon pretrained Vision-Language Models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Tao Lin , Gen Li , Yilei Zhong , Yanwen Zou , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Encheng Gu , Bo Zhao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show promise for robotic control, yet performance in complex household environments remains sub-optimal. Mobile manipulation requires reasoning about global scene layout, fine-grained geometry, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruisen Tu , Arth Shukla , Sohyun Yoo , Xuanlin Li , Junxi Li , Jianwen Xie , Hao Su , Zhuowen Tu

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) have shown remarkable progress towards embodied intelligence. While their architecture partially resembles that of Large Language Models (LLMs), VLAs exhibit higher complexity due to their multi-modal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hugo Buurmeijer , Carmen Amo Alonso , Aiden Swann , Marco Pavone

We present OPAL (Operant Physical Agent with Language), a novel vision-language-action architecture that introduces topological constraints to flow matching for robotic control. To do so, we further introduce topological attention. Our…

Learning generalizable policies for robotic manipulation increasingly relies on large-scale models that map language instructions to actions (L2A). However, this one-way paradigm often produces policies that execute tasks without deeper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Youngjin Hong , Houjian Yu , Mingen Li , Changhyun Choi

This paper proposes to solve the problem of Vision-and-Language Navigation with legged robots, which not only provides a flexible way for humans to command but also allows the robot to navigate through more challenging and cluttered scenes.…

Precise spatial reasoning is fundamental to robotic manipulation, yet the visual backbones of current vision-language-action (VLA) models are predominantly pretrained on 2D image data without explicit 3D geometric supervision, resulting in…

Vision-language-action models have emerged as a crucial paradigm in robotic manipulation. However, existing VLA models exhibit notable limitations in handling ambiguous language instructions and unknown environmental states. Furthermore,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Helong Huang , Min Cen , Kai Tan , Xingyue Quan , Guowei Huang , Hong Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved strong semantic generalization for embodied policy learning, yet they learn reactive observation-to-action mappings without explicitly modeling how the physical world evolves under…

Visual-Language-Action models (VLAs) have advanced generalist robot control by mapping multimodal observations and language instructions directly to actions, but sparse action supervision often encourages shortcut mappings rather than…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hao Luo , Wanpeng Zhang , Yicheng Feng , Sipeng Zheng , Haiweng Xu , Chaoyi Xu , Ziheng Xi , Yuhui Fu , Zongqing Lu