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Adversarial examples are inputs to a machine learning system intentionally crafted by an attacker to fool the model into producing an incorrect output. These examples have achieved a great deal of success in several domains such as image…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Elie Alhajjar , Paul Maxwell , Nathaniel D. Bastian

Nowadays, numerous applications incorporate machine learning (ML) algorithms due to their prominent achievements. However, many studies in the field of computer vision have shown that ML can be fooled by intentionally crafted instances,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Islam Debicha , Benjamin Cochez , Tayeb Kenaza , Thibault Debatty , Jean-Michel Dricot , Wim Mees

Recent advances in artificial intelligence and the increasing need for powerful defensive measures in the domain of network security, have led to the adoption of deep learning approaches for use in network intrusion detection systems. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Joseph Clements , Yuzhe Yang , Ankur Sharma , Hongxin Hu , Yingjie Lao

The use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) has taken a prominent role in the network security management field, due to the substantial number of sophisticated attacks that often pass undetected through…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Mario Di Mauro , Giovanni Galatro , Antonio Liotta

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are an essential defense for computer networks and the hosts within them. Machine learning (ML) nowadays predominantly serves as the basis for NIDS decision making, where models are tuned to reduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Bolor-Erdene Zolbayar , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel , Michael J. Weisman , Sencun Zhu , Shitong Zhu , Srikanth Krishnamurthy

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is an essential tool in securing cyberspace from a variety of security risks and unknown cyberattacks. A number of solutions have been implemented for Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Khushnaseeb Roshan , Aasim Zafar , Shiekh Burhan Ul Haque

While machine learning has significantly advanced Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS), particularly within IoT environments where devices generate large volumes of data and are increasingly susceptible to cyber threats, these models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Anass Grini , Oumaima Taheri , Btissam El Khamlichi , Amal El Fallah-Seghrouchni

Signature-based Intrusion Detection Systems (SIDSs) are traditionally used to detect malicious activity in networks. A notable example of such a system is Snort, which compares network traffic against a series of rules that match known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Ryan Guide , Eric Pauley , Yohan Beugin , Ryan Sheatsley , Patrick McDaniel

Gradient-based adversarial attacks subtly manipulate inputs of Machine Learning (ML) models to induce incorrect predictions. This paper investigates whether careful architectural choices alone can yield an inherently robust Deep Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mohamed elShehaby , Ashraf Matrawy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized various fields with their exceptional capabilities in understanding, processing, and generating human-like text. This paper investigates the potential of LLMs in advancing Network Intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shuo Yang , Xinran Zheng , Xinchen Zhang , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Donglin Xie , Weicai Long , Edith C. H. Ngai

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) play a crucial role in safeguarding network infrastructure against cyberattacks. As the prevalence and sophistication of these attacks increase, machine learning and deep neural network approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Mabin Umman Varghese , Zahra Taghiyarrenani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing tasks, particularly as chat agents. However, their applicability to threat detection problems remains unclear. This paper examines the feasibility of employing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Paul R. B. Houssel , Priyanka Singh , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Existing works have extensively studied adversarial examples, which are minimal perturbations that can mislead the output of deep neural networks (DNNs) while remaining imperceptible to humans. However, in this work, we reveal the existence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Lu Chen , Shaofeng Li , Benhao Huang , Fan Yang , Zheng Li , Jie Li , Yuan Luo

The ever-growing big data and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) demand the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods. Cybersecurity also benefits from ML and DL methods for various types of applications. These methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Arif Siddiqi

Recent research efforts on adversarial machine learning (ML) have investigated problem-space attacks, focusing on the generation of real evasive objects in domains where, unlike images, there is no clear inverse mapping to the feature space…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Jacopo Cortellazzi , Feargus Pendlebury , Daniel Arp , Erwin Quiring , Fabio Pierazzi , Lorenzo Cavallaro

With the recent advancements in machine learning (ML), numerous ML-based approaches have been extensively applied in software analytics tasks to streamline software development and maintenance processes. Nevertheless, studies indicate that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 MD Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy

Adversarial attacks against machine learning models have threatened various real-world applications such as spam filtering and sentiment analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, learning to DIScriminate Perturbations (DISP),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Yichao Zhou , Jyun-Yu Jiang , Kai-Wei Chang , Wei Wang

Many of the proposed machine learning (ML) based network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) achieve near perfect detection performance when evaluated on synthetic benchmark datasets. Though, there is no record of if and how these results…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

Deep neural networks are powerful and popular learning models that achieve state-of-the-art pattern recognition performance on many computer vision, speech, and language processing tasks. However, these networks have also been shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Nina Narodytska , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Cyber-security garnered significant attention due to the increased dependency of individuals and organizations on the Internet and their concern about the security and privacy of their online activities. Several previous machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-11 MohammadNoor Injadat , Abdallah Moubayed , Ali Bou Nassif , Abdallah Shami