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A number of recent works have demonstrated that API access to machine learning models leaks information about the dataset records used to train the models. Further, the work of \cite{somesh-overfit} shows that such membership inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Raghav Bhaskar , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. Although there are have been numerous methods developed for detecting data contamination in large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Anton Emelyanov , Sergei Kudriashov , Alena Fenogenova

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a target data record belongs to a system's private data, and have become a standard tool to measure privacy leakage in machine learning systems. Prior work has primarily focused on training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kai Chen , Yan Pang , Tianhao Wang

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) aim to predict whether a data sample belongs to the model's training set or not. Although prior research has extensively explored MIAs in Large Language Models (LLMs), they typically require accessing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Yu He , Boheng Li , Liu Liu , Zhongjie Ba , Wei Dong , Yiming Li , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

Membership Inference Attack (MIA) aims to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training dataset of a target model. Traditional MIA approaches rely on shadow models to mimic target model behavior, but their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Li Cuihong , Huang Xiaowen , Yin Chuanhuan , Sang Jitao

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) determine whether a specific data point was included in the training set of a target model. In this paper, we introduce the Semantic Membership Inference Attack (SMIA), a novel approach that enhances MIA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Hamid Mozaffari , Virendra J. Marathe

Learned recommender systems may inadvertently leak information about their training data, leading to privacy violations. We investigate privacy threats faced by recommender systems through the lens of membership inference. In such attacks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Zihan Wang , Na Huang , Fei Sun , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Hengliang Luo , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) on code completion models offer an effective way to assess privacy risks by inferring whether a given code snippet was part of the training data. Existing black- and gray-box MIAs rely on expensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yuan Jiang , Zehao Li , Shan Huang , Christoph Treude , Xiaohong Su , Tiantian Wang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical privacy threat to fine-tuned large language models (LLMs), especially when models are adapted to domain-specific tasks using sensitive data. While prior black-box MIA techniques rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhexi Lu , Hongliang Chi , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Yuseok Jeon , Lei Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained on tabular data, which, unlike unstructured text, often contains personally identifiable information (PII) in a highly structured and explicit format. As a result, privacy risks arise,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Daniel Samira , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Transfer learning, successful in knowledge translation across related tasks, faces a substantial privacy threat from membership inference attacks (MIAs). These attacks, despite posing significant risk to ML model's training data, remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Qianru Fang , Kun He , Ziming Zhao , Hao Ren , Guowen Xu , Yang Liu , Yang Xiang

This paper presents how to leak private information from a wireless signal classifier by launching an over-the-air membership inference attack (MIA). As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to process wireless signals to make decisions…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-26 Yi Shi , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu

Model Inversion Attacks (MIAs) pose a significant threat to data privacy by reconstructing sensitive training samples from the knowledge embedded in trained machine learning models. Despite recent progress in enhancing the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Hongyao Yu , Yixiang Qiu , Hao Fang , Tianqu Zhuang , Bin Chen , Sijin Yu , Bin Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu

Data used to train machine learning (ML) models can be sensitive. Membership inference attacks (MIAs), attempting to determine whether a particular data record was used to train an ML model, risk violating membership privacy. ML model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Vasisht Duddu , Sebastian Szyller , N. Asokan

As a long-term threat to the privacy of training data, membership inference attacks (MIAs) emerge ubiquitously in machine learning models. Existing works evidence strong connection between the distinguishability of the training and testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Dingfan Chen , Ning Yu , Mario Fritz

The increasing use of diffusion models for image generation, especially in sensitive areas like medical imaging, has raised significant privacy concerns. Membership Inference Attack (MIA) has emerged as a potential approach to determine if…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Xinkai Zhao , Yuta Tokuoka , Junichiro Iwasawa , Keita Oda

How much does a machine learning algorithm leak about its training data, and why? Membership inference attacks are used as an auditing tool to quantify this leakage. In this paper, we present a comprehensive \textit{hypothesis testing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Jiayuan Ye , Aadyaa Maddi , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Vincent Bindschaedler , Reza Shokri

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for collaborative model training without the need to share clients' personal data, thereby preserving privacy. However, the non-IID nature of the clients' data introduces major…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Kangsoo Jung , Sayan Biswas , Catuscia Palamidessi

The vulnerability of machine learning models to membership inference attacks has received much attention in recent years. However, existing attacks mostly remain impractical due to having high false positive rates, where non-member samples…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Lauren Watson , Chuan Guo , Graham Cormode , Alex Sablayrolles

Recent work shows membership inference attacks (MIAs) on large language models (LLMs) produce inconclusive results, partly due to difficulties in creating non-member datasets without temporal shifts. While researchers have turned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Ali Naseh , Niloofar Mireshghallah
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