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Neural differential equations offer a powerful framework for modeling continuous-time dynamics, but forecasting stiff biophysical systems remains unreliable. Standard Neural ODEs and physics informed variants often require orders of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Kamalpreet Singh Kainth , Prathamesh Dinesh Joshi , Raj Abhijit Dandekar , Rajat Dandekar , Sreedat Panat

Many physical AI tasks are governed by implicit equilibrium: an agent actuates a subset of degrees of freedom (boundary DoFs), while the remaining free DoFs settle by minimizing a total potential energy. Even seemingly basic tasks such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Dezhong Tong , Jiawen Wang , Hengyi Zhou , Yinglong Shen , Xiaonan Huang , M. Khalid Jawed

A 3-dimensional GPU Poisson solver is developed for all possible combinations of free and periodic boundary conditions (BCs) along the three directions. It is benchmarked for various grid sizes and different BCs and a significant…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Nazim Dugan , Luigi Genovese , Stefan Goedecker

Neural networks have shown promising potential in accelerating the numerical simulation of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Different from many existing neural network surrogates operating on high-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Zijie Li , Saurabh Patil , Francis Ogoke , Dule Shu , Wilson Zhen , Michael Schneier , John R. Buchanan, , Amir Barati Farimani

A primary challenge of physics-informed machine learning (PIML) is its generalization beyond the training domain, especially when dealing with complex physical problems represented by partial differential equations (PDEs). This paper aims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Taniya Kapoor , Abhishek Chandra , Daniel M. Tartakovsky , Hongrui Wang , Alfredo Nunez , Rolf Dollevoet

Solving partial differential equations (PDE) is an indispensable part of many branches of science as many processes can be modelled in terms of PDEs. However, recent numerical solvers require manual discretization of the underlying equation…

We present a 3D finite element solver for the nonlinear Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations for electrodiffusion, coupled to the Stokes system of fluid dynamics. The model serves as a building block for the simulation of macromolecule…

Computational Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Gregor Mitscha-Baude , Andreas Buttinger-Kreuzhuber , Gerhard Tulzer , Clemens Heitzinger

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are ubiquitous in the world around us, modelling phenomena from heat and sound to quantum systems. Recent advances in deep learning have resulted in the development of powerful neural solvers; however,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Yolanne Yi Ran Lee

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a powerful class of numerical solvers for partial differential equations, employing deep neural networks with successful applications across a diverse set of problems. However, their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-18 Tianhao Hu , Bangti Jin , Zhi Zhou

Neural operators generally demonstrate strong predictive performance on in-distribution (ID) problems. However, a critical limitation of existing methods is their significant performance degradation when encountering out-of-distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yizheng Wang , Mohammad Sadegh Eshaghi , Xiaoying Zhuang , Timon Rabczuk , Yinghua Liu

We discuss the ill conditioning of the matrix for the discretised Poisson equation in the small aspect ratio limit, and motivate this problem in the context of nonhydrostatic ocean modelling. Efficient iterative solvers for the Poisson…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-05-14 S. C. Kramer , C. J. Cotter , C. C. Pain

Partial Differential Equations are precise in modelling the physical, biological and graphical phenomena. However, the numerical methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality, high computation costs and domain-specific discretization. We…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zheyuan Hu , Weitao Chen , Cengiz Öztireli , Chenliang Zhou , Fangcheng Zhong

Neural operators (NOs) provide a new paradigm for efficiently solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but their training depends on costly high-fidelity data from numerical solvers, limiting applications in complex systems. We…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Wen You , Shaoqian Zhou , Xuhui Meng

Neural operators have emerged as powerful surrogates for the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their ability to handle general, highly variable boundary conditions (BCs) remains limited. Existing approaches often fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Sepehr Mousavi , Siddhartha Mishra , Laura De Lorenzis

Although deep models have been widely explored in solving partial differential equations (PDEs), previous works are primarily limited to data only with up to tens of thousands of mesh points, far from the million-point scale required by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Huakun Luo , Haixu Wu , Hang Zhou , Lanxiang Xing , Yichen Di , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Physics-governed models are increasingly paired with machine learning for accelerated predictions, yet most "physics--informed" formulations treat the governing equations as a penalty loss whose scale and meaning are set by heuristic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Yuhe Wang , Min Wang

Neural solvers for partial differential equations (PDEs) have great potential to generate fast and accurate physics solutions, yet their practicality is currently limited by their generalizability. PDEs evolve over broad scales and exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Anthony Zhou , Amir Barati Farimani

Modelling complex multiphysics systems governed by nonlinear and strongly coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) is a cornerstone in computational science and engineering. However, it remains a formidable challenge for traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Biao Yuan , He Wang , Yanjie Song , Ana Heitor , Xiaohui Chen

Multigrid solvers are among the most efficient methods for solving the Poisson equation, which is ubiquitous in computational physics. For example, in the context of incompressible flows, it is typically the costliest operation. The present…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Gilles Poncelet , Jonathan Lambrechts , Thomas Gillis , Philippe Chatelain

Neural operators offer a powerful paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that cannot be solved analytically by learning mappings between function spaces. However, there are two main bottlenecks in training neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Anirudh Satheesh , Anant Khandelwal , Mucong Ding , Radu Balan