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We introduce a sliding window decoder based on belief propagation (BP) with guided decimation for the purposes of decoding quantum low-density parity-check codes in the presence of circuit-level noise. Windowed decoding keeps the decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes

In the search for highly efficient decoders for short LDPC codes approaching maximum likelihood performance, a relayed decoding strategy, specifically activating the ordered statistics decoding process upon failure of a neural min-sum…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Guangwen Li , Xiao Yu

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) are necessary for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Surface codes are a class of topological QECCs that have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional error-correcting capabilities and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Jifan Liang , Qianfan Wang , Lvzhou Li , Xiao Ma

Belief-propagation (BP) decoding for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes is appealing due to its low complexity, yet it often exhibits convergence issues due to quantum degeneracy and short cycles that exist in the Tanner graph.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohsen Moradi , Vahid Nourozi , Salman Habib , David G. M. Mitchell

We propose a Semantic Ordered Statistics Decoder (sem-OSD), a soft decoder for short linear block codes carrying byte-streamed sources such as natural-language text. Sem-OSD injects a byte-level language-model (LM) prior into ordered…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Chentao Yue , Branka Vucetic , Yonghui Li

In this paper, we propose a new linear-equation ordered-statistics decoding (LE-OSD). Unlike the OSD, LE-OSD uses high reliable parity bits rather than information bits to recover the codeword estimates, which is equivalent to solving a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Chentao Yue , Mahyar Shirvanimoghaddam , Giyoon Park , Ok-Sun Park , Branka Vucetic , Yonghui Li

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes together with belief propagation (BP) decoding yield exceptional error correction capabilities in the large block length regime. Yet, there remains a gap between BP decoding and maximum likelihood…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jonathan Mandelbaum , Holger Jäkel , Laurent Schmalen

Hardware-friendly quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) decoders are commonly built upon belief propagation (BP) processing. Yet, quantum degeneracy often prevents BP from achieving reliable convergence. To overcome this fundamental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Andrea Talarico , Marco Chiani

Quantum error correction is the building block for constructing fault-tolerant quantum processors that can operate reliably even if its constituting elements are corrupted by decoherence. In this context, real-time decoding is a necessity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Antonio deMarti iOlius , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

To alleviate the suboptimal performance of belief propagation (BP) decoding of short low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, a plethora of improved decoding algorithms has been proposed over the last two decades. Many of these methods can be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Felix Krieg , Jannis Clausius , Marvin Geiselhart , Stephan ten Brink

In this work, we propose a fully differentiable iterative decoder for quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed algorithm is composed of classical belief propagation (BP) decoding stages and intermediate graph neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes

Despite the NP hardness of acquiring minimum distance $d_m$ for linear codes theoretically, in this paper we propose one experimental method of finding minimum-weight codewords, the weight of which is equal to $d_m$ for LDPC codes. One…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-10-09 Guangwen Li , Guangzeng Feng

Error correction allows a quantum computer to preserve states long beyond the decoherence time of its physical qubits. Key to any scheme of error correction is the decoding algorithm, which estimates the error state of qubits from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-06 Stasiu Wolanski , Ben Barber

The order statistics based list decoding techniques for linear binary block codes of small to medium block length are investigated. The construction of the list of the test error patterns is considered. The original order statistics…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-01-27 Saif E. A. Alnawayseh , Pavel Loskot

It is shown how to combine ordered statistics decoding (OSD) with CRC-aided belief propagation list (CBPL) decoding of polar codes. Even when the reprocessing order of the OSD is as low as one, the new decoder is shown to significantly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Guy Mogilevsky , David Burshtein

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are promising for realizing scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their potential for low-overhead protocols. A common approach to decoding qLDPC codes is to use the belief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Kento Tsubouchi , Hayata Yamasaki , Shiro Tamiya

New algorithms for efficient decoding of polar codes (which may be CRC-augmented), transmitted over either a binary erasure channel (BEC) or an additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC), are presented. We start by presenting a new…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Yonatan Urman , Guy Mogilevsky , David Burshtein

Belief propagation (BP) decoding of quantum low density parity check (QLDPC) codes is often implemented using overcomplete stabilizer (OS) representations, where redundant parity checks are introduced to improve finite length performance.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hernan Cordova , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Gabriele Liga , Yunus Can Gültekin , Alex Alvarado

We present Astra, a novel and scalable decoder using graph neural networks. Our decoder works similarly to solving a Sudoku puzzle of constraints represented by the Tanner graph. In general, Quantum Low Density Parity Check (QLDPC) decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Arshpreet Singh Maan , Alexandru Paler

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have been proven to achieve higher minimum distances at higher code rates than surface codes. However, this family of codes imposes stringent latency requirements and poor performance under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Dimitris Chytas , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasić