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Transfer learning is widely used to adapt large pretrained models to new tasks with only a small amount of new data. However, a challenge persists -- the features from the original task often do not fully cover what is needed for unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xingyu Alice Yang , Jianyu Zhang , Léon Bottou

Diffusion models are widely used for generative tasks across domains. Given a pre-trained diffusion model, it is often desirable to fine-tune it further either to correct for errors in learning or to align with downstream applications.…

Machine learning models frequently experience performance drops under distribution shifts. The underlying cause of such shifts may be multiple simultaneous factors such as changes in data quality, differences in specific covariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Haoran Zhang , Harvineet Singh , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Shalmali Joshi

This paper proposes a framework for adaptively learning a feedback linearization-based tracking controller for an unknown system using discrete-time model-free policy-gradient parameter update rules. The primary advantage of the scheme over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Tyler Westenbroek , Eric Mazumdar , David Fridovich-Keil , Valmik Prabhu , Claire J. Tomlin , S. Shankar Sastry

The weak-to-strong generalization phenomenon is the driver for important machine learning applications including highly data-efficient learning and, most recently, performing superalignment. While decades of research have resulted in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Changho Shin , John Cooper , Frederic Sala

Controlled text generation tasks such as unsupervised text style transfer have increasingly adopted the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL). A major challenge in applying RL to such tasks is the sparse reward, which is available only after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bhargav Upadhyay , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Arjun Maheswaran

Learning robust speaker representations under noisy conditions presents significant challenges, which requires careful handling of both discriminative and noise-invariant properties. In this work, we proposed an anchor-based stage-wise…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Bin Gu , Lipeng Dai , Huipeng Du , Haitao Zhao , Jibo Wei

In this paper, we leverage ideas from model-based control to address the sample efficiency problem of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Accelerating learning is an active field of RL highly relevant in the context of time-varying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Ibrahim Ahmed , Marcos Quinones-Grueiro , Gautam Biswas

Oftentimes, environments for sequential decision-making problems can be quite sparse in the provision of evaluative feedback to guide reinforcement-learning agents. In the extreme case, long trajectories of behavior are merely punctuated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Akash Velu , Skanda Vaidyanath , Dilip Arumugam

Reinforcement learning has become a widely used post-training approach for LLM agents, where training commonly relies on outcome-level rewards that provide only coarse supervision. While finer-grained credit assignment is promising for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sijia Li , Yuchen Huang , Zifan Liu , Yanping Li , Jingjing Fu , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Ling Zhang , Jun Zhang , Rui Wang

Self-supervised pre-training with contrastive learning is a powerful method for learning from sparsely labeled data. However, performance can drop considerably when there is a shift in the distribution of data from training to test time. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Robert Lewis , Katie Matton , Rosalind W. Picard , John Guttag

Transfer learning enhances prediction accuracy on a target distribution by leveraging data from a source distribution, demonstrating significant benefits in various applications. This paper introduces a novel dissimilarity measure that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Mitsuhiro Fujikawa , Yohei Akimoto , Jun Sakuma , Kazuto Fukuchi

Offline reinforcement learning refers to the process of learning policies from fixed datasets, without requiring additional environment interaction. However, it often relies on well-defined reward functions, which are difficult and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xiancheng Gao , Yufeng Shi , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

We develop methods for detector learning which exploit joint training over both weak and strong labels and which transfer learned perceptual representations from strongly-labeled auxiliary tasks. Previous methods for weak-label learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Judy Hoffman , Deepak Pathak , Trevor Darrell , Kate Saenko

Adapting deep learning models to new domains often requires computationally intensive retraining and risks catastrophic forgetting. While fine-tuning enables domain-specific adaptation, it can reduce robustness to distribution shifts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Reza Akbarian Bafghi , Carden Bagwell , Avinash Ravichandran , Ashish Shrivastava , Maziar Raissi

Weakly-supervised instance segmentation (WSIS) has been considered as a more challenging task than weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS). Compared to WSSS, WSIS requires instance-wise localization, which is difficult to extract…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Beomyoung Kim , Youngjoon Yoo , Chaeeun Rhee , Junmo Kim

Detecting weak, systematic distribution shifts and quantitatively modeling individual, heterogeneous responses to policies or incentives have found increasing empirical applications in social and economic sciences. Given two probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-29 YoonHaeng Hur , Tengyuan Liang

Partial-label learning is a popular weakly supervised learning setting that allows each training example to be annotated with a set of candidate labels. Previous studies on partial-label learning only focused on the classification setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xin Cheng , Deng-Bao Wang , Lei Feng , Min-Ling Zhang , Bo An

In low-resource settings, model transfer can help to overcome a lack of labeled data for many tasks and domains. However, predicting useful transfer sources is a challenging problem, as even the most similar sources might lead to unexpected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Heike Adel , Dietrich Klakow

Multimodal pre-training demonstrates strong generalization performance, but this paradigm is often impractical in domains where paired data are scarce. A promising alternative is post-hoc multimodal alignment, which aligns separately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shiwon Kim , Yu Rang Park