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Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a critical component of modern AI systems, such as recommendation engines and retrieval-augmented large language models (RAG-LLMs). However, scaling ANNS to billion-entry datasets exposes…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sitian Chen , Amelie Chi Zhou , Yucheng Shi , Yusen Li , Xin Yao

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is essential for applications like recommendation systems and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) but is highly I/O-intensive and memory-demanding. CPUs face I/O bottlenecks, while GPUs are…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Mingkai Chen , Tianhua Han , Cheng Liu , Shengwen Liang , Kuai Yu , Lei Dai , Ziming Yuan , Ying Wang , Lei Zhang , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

We present the first systematic investigation of graph reordering effects for graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) on a GPU. While graph-based ANNS has become the dominant paradigm for modern AI applications, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yutaro Oguri , Mai Nishimura , Yusuke Matsui

Approximate Nearest Neighbour Search (ANNS) is a subroutine in algorithms routinely employed in information retrieval, pattern recognition, data mining, image processing, and beyond. Recent works have established that graph-based ANNS…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Karthik V. , Saim Khan , Somesh Singh , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Jyothi Vedurada

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensions is an integral part of several computer vision systems and gains importance in deep learning with explicit memory representations. Since PQT, FAISS, and SONG started to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fabian Groh , Lukas Ruppert , Patrick Wieschollek , Hendrik P. A. Lensch

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a key retrieval technique for vector database and many data center applications, such as person re-identification and recommendation systems. It is also fundamental to retrieval augmented…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yitu Wang , Shiyu Li , Qilin Zheng , Linghao Song , Zongwang Li , Andrew Chang , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is fundamental to modern AI applications. Most existing solutions optimize query efficiency but fail to align with the practical requirements of modern workloads. In this paper, we outline six…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kejing Lu , Zhenpeng Pan , Jianbin Qin , Yoshiharu Ishikawa , Chuan Xiao

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a fundamental operation in vector databases, enabling efficient similarity search in high-dimensional spaces. While dense ANNS has been optimized using specialized hardware accelerators, sparse…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tianqi Zhang , Flavio Ponzina , Tajana Rosing

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) underpins many large-scale data mining and machine learning applications, with efficient retrieval increasingly hinging on GPU acceleration as dataset sizes grow. Although graph-based approaches…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yaowen Liu , Xuejia Chen , Anxin Tian , Haoyang Li , Qinbin Li , Xin Zhang , Alexander Zhou , Chen Jason Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) constitutes an important operation in a multitude of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and pattern recognition. In the past decade, graph-based ANNS algorithms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Mengzhao Wang , Xiaoliang Xu , Qiang Yue , Yuxiang Wang

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS), as the core of vector databases (VectorDBs), has become widely used in modern AI and ML systems, powering applications from information retrieval to bio-informatics. While graph-based ANNS methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dingyi Kang , Dongming Jiang , Hanshen Yang , Hang Liu , Bingzhe Li

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is a fundamental problem in databases and data mining. A scalable ANNS algorithm should be both memory-efficient and fast. Some early graph-based approaches have shown attractive theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Cong Fu , Chao Xiang , Changxu Wang , Deng Cai

Approximate nearest-neighbor search (ANNS) algorithms are a key part of the modern deep learning stack due to enabling efficient similarity search over high-dimensional vector space representations (i.e., embeddings) of data. Among various…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Magdalen Dobson Manohar , Zheqi Shen , Guy E. Blelloch , Laxman Dhulipala , Yan Gu , Harsha Vardhan Simhadri , Yihan Sun

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) plays an indispensable role in a wide variety of applications, including recommendation systems, information retrieval, and semantic search. Among the cutting-edge ANNS algorithms, graph-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Weihong Xu , Junwei Chen , Po-Kai Hsu , Jaeyoung Kang , Minxuan Zhou , Sumukh Pinge , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is widely adopted in numerous applications, such as recommendation systems, natural language processing, and computer vision. While recent works on GPU-based acceleration have…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sukjin Kim , Seongyeon Park , Si Ung Noh , Junguk Hong , Taehee Kwon , Hunseong Lim , Jinho Lee

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) has become fundamental to modern deep learning applications, having gained particular prominence through its integration into recent generative models that work with increasingly complex datasets…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuntao Gui , Peiqi Yin , Xiao Yan , Chaorui Zhang , Weixi Zhang , James Cheng

Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) plays a critical role in various disciplines spanning data mining and artificial intelligence, from information retrieval and computer vision to natural language processing and recommender systems.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Akira Naruse , Corey Nolet , Ray Wang , Tamas Feher , Yong Wang

In high-dimensional vector spaces, Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search (ANNS) is a key component in database and artificial intelligence infrastructures. Graph-based methods, particularly HNSW, have emerged as leading solutions among…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mengzhao Wang , Haotian Wu , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Yifan Zhu , Wenchao Zhou

Processing large-scale graph datasets is computationally intensive and time-consuming. Processor-centric CPU and GPU architectures, commonly used for graph applications, often face bottlenecks caused by extensive data movement between the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Marzieh Barkhordar , Alireza Tabatabaeian , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Christina Giannoula , Juan Gomez Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Onur Mutlu , Alaa R. Alameldeen

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) has emerged as a crucial component of database and AI infrastructure. Ever-increasing vector datasets pose significant challenges in terms of performance, cost, and accuracy for ANNS services. None…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Bing Tian , Haikun Liu , Yuhang Tang , Shihai Xiao , Zhuohui Duan , Xiaofei Liao , Xuecang Zhang , Junhua Zhu , Yu Zhang
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