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Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for generative recommendation has attracted significant research interest, where item tokenization is a critical step. It involves assigning item identifiers for LLMs to encode user history and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xinyu Lin , Haihan Shi , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Qifan Wang , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

There is a growing interest in utilizing large-scale language models (LLMs) to advance next-generation Recommender Systems (RecSys), driven by their outstanding language understanding and in-context learning capabilities. In this scenario,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Haohao Qu , Wenqi Fan , Zihuai Zhao , Qing Li

Semantic identifiers (IDs) have proven effective in adapting large language models for generative recommendation and retrieval. However, existing methods often suffer from semantic ID conflicts, where semantically similar documents (or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ruohan Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Julian McAuley , Yupeng Hou

Generative recommendation systems have achieved significant advances by leveraging semantic IDs to represent items. However, existing approaches that tokenize each modality independently face two critical limitations: (1) redundancy across…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Haven Kim , Yupeng Hou , Julian McAuley

Generative recommendation systems have gained increasing attention as an innovative approach that directly generates item identifiers for recommendation tasks. Despite their potential, a major challenge is the effective construction of item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Enze Liu , Bowen Zheng , Cheng Ling , Lantao Hu , Han Li , Wayne Xin Zhao

Generative Recommendation (GR) has emerged as a transformative paradigm that reformulates the traditional cascade ranking system into a sequence-to-item generation task, facilitated by the use of discrete Semantic IDs (SIDs). However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zesheng Wang , Longfei Xu , Weidong Deng , Huimin Yan , Kaikui Liu , Xiangxiang Chu

Sequential recommendation (SR) models often capture user preferences based on the historically interacted item IDs, which usually obtain sub-optimal performance when the interaction history is limited. Content-based sequential…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Donglin Zhou , Weike Pan , Zhong Ming

Generative recommendation has recently emerged as a transformative paradigm that directly generates target items, surpassing traditional cascaded approaches. It typically involves two components: a tokenizer that learns item identifiers and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jialei Li , Yang Zhang , Yimeng Bai , Shuai Zhu , Ziqi Xue , Xiaoyan Zhao , Dingxian Wang , Frank Yang , Andrew Rabinovich , Xiangnan He

Generative Recommendation (GR) has demonstrated remarkable performance in next-token prediction paradigms, which relies on Semantic IDs (SIDs) to compress trillion-scale data into learnable vocabulary sequences. However, existing methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yangchen Zeng , Jinze Wang

Sequential dense retrieval models utilize advanced sequence learning techniques to compute item and user representations, which are then used to rank relevant items for a user through inner product computation between the user and all item…

The exponential growth of online content has posed significant challenges to ID-based models in industrial recommendation systems, ranging from extremely high cardinality and dynamically growing ID space, to highly skewed engagement…

A core objective in recommender systems is to accurately model the distribution of user preferences over items to enable personalized recommendations. Recently, driven by the strong generative capabilities of large language models (LLMs),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuanbo Zhao , Ruochen Liu , Senzhang Wang , Jun Yin , Yuxin Dong , Huan Gong , Hao Chen , Shirui Pan , Chengqi Zhang

Recommender systems traditionally represent items using unique identifiers (ItemIDs), but this approach struggles with large, dynamic item corpora and sparse long-tail data, limiting scalability and generalization. Semantic IDs, derived…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Xu , Moyu Zhang , Chenxuan Li , Zhihao Liao , Haibo Xing , Hao Deng , Jinxin Hu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs), generative recommendation is gradually reshaping the paradigm of recommender systems. However, most existing methods remain confined to the interaction-driven next-item prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yang Yu , Lei Kou , Huaikuan Yi , Bin Chen , Yayu Cao , Lei Shen , Chao Zhang , Bing Wang , Xiaoyi Zeng

Generative recommender systems have recently emerged as a promising paradigm by formulating next-item prediction as an auto-regressive semantic IDs generation, such as OneRec series works. However, with the next-item-agnostic prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yu Liu , Jiangxia Cao

Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation systems aim to predict the next destinations of user based on their preferences and historical check-ins. Existing generative POI recommendation methods usually employ random numeric IDs for POIs,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Dongsheng Wang , Yuxi Huang , Shen Gao , Yifan Wang , Chengrui Huang , Shuo Shang

Generative recommendation has emerged as a scalable alternative to traditional retrieve-and-rank pipelines by operating in a compact token space. However, existing methods mainly rely on discrete code-level supervision, which leads to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ziqi Xue , Dingxian Wang , Yimeng Bai , Shuai Zhu , Jialei Li , Xiaoyan Zhao , Frank Yang , Andrew Rabinovich , Yang Zhang , Pablo N. Mendes

Randomly-hashed item ids are used ubiquitously in recommendation models. However, the learned representations from random hashing prevents generalization across similar items, causing problems of learning unseen and long-tail items,…

Generative recommendation (GR) with semantic IDs (SIDs) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional recommendation approaches due to its performance gains, capitalization on semantic information provided through language model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Kulin Shah , Bhuvesh Kumar , Neil Shah , Liam Collins

Conventional Sequential Recommender Systems (SRS) typically assign unique hash IDs (HID) to construct item embeddings, which mainly capture collaborative signals from historical user-item interactions. However, such embeddings are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziwei Liu , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Wang Zejian , Qidong Liu , Zijian Zhang , Chong Chen , Wei Huang , Xiangyu Zhao