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The Turing machine is one of the simple abstract computational devices that can be used to investigate the limits of computability. In this paper, they are considered from several points of view that emphasize the importance and the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Yaroslav D. Sergeyev , Alfredo Garro

Information and communication technology (ICT) tools are ineffective when assessing solutions of questions with more than one step. ICT tools assessing these types of questions are paralleled to solving complex problems. This conceptual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Hussein Genemo , Shah Jahan Miah

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) is fundamental, particularly in the context of practical applications. Conventional evaluation methods, typically designed primarily for LLM development, yield numerical scores that ignore the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yongqiang Ma , Lizhi Qing , Jiawei Liu , Yangyang Kang , Yue Zhang , Wei Lu , Xiaozhong Liu , Qikai Cheng

Present day mathematics is a human construct, where computers are used more and more but do not play a creative role. This situation may change however: computers may become creative, and since they function very differently from the human…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-08-23 David Ruelle

The world of mathematics is often considered abstract, with its symbols, concepts, and topics appearing unrelated to physical objects. However, it is important to recognize that the development of mathematics is fundamentally influenced by…

General Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Biao Wu

Lack of methodical support, low level of teachers' awareness of existing effective teaching technologies such as computer modeling does not allow students to form their own individual trajectory for development as well as their competence…

Physics Education · Physics 2020-05-18 Svitlana H. Lytvynova

We state the defining characteristic of mathematics as a type of symmetry where one can change the connotation of a mathematical statement in a certain way when the statement's truth value remains the same. This view of mathematics as…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-06-19 Noson S. Yanofsky , Mark Zelcer

A visual type theory is a cognitive tool that has much in common with language, and may be regarded as an exceptional form of spatial text adjunct. A mathematical visual type theory, called NPM, has been under development that can be viewed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Lucius Schoenbaum

Signature-based techniques give mathematical insight into the interactions between complex streams of evolving data. These insights can be quite naturally translated into numerical approaches to understanding streamed data, and perhaps…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Terry Lyons , Andrew D. McLeod

The purpose of this manuscript is to gather together a large amount of source material pertaining to women in mathematics, from studies of girls in elementary school through data on females winning prizes for mathematical research. Along…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-02-25 Greg Martin

This overview article highlights the critical role of mathematics in artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing that mathematics provides tools to better understand and enhance AI systems. Conversely, AI raises new problems and drives the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Gabriel Peyré

Mathematics has become inescapable in modern, digitized societies: there is hardly any area of life left that isn't affected by it, and we as mathematicians play a central role in this. Our actions affect what others, in particular our…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-07-18 Maurice Chiodo , Dennis Müller

Mathematical reasoning---a core ability within human intelligence---presents some unique challenges as a domain: we do not come to understand and solve mathematical problems primarily on the back of experience and evidence, but on the basis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-03 David Saxton , Edward Grefenstette , Felix Hill , Pushmeet Kohli

Usually the first course in mathematics is calculus. Its a core course in the curriculum of the Business, Engineering and the Sciences. However many students face difficulties to learn calculus. These difficulties are often caused by the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2012-12-27 Seifedine Kadry , Maha ElShalkamy

We present a lightweight yet effective pipeline for training vision-language models to solve math problems by rendering LaTeX encoded equations into images and pairing them with structured chain-of-thought prompts. This simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Matvey Skripkin , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov

Printed mathematical expression recognition (MER) models are usually trained and tested using LaTeX-generated mathematical expressions (MEs) as input and the LaTeX source code as ground truth. As the same ME can be generated by various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Felix M. Schmitt-Koopmann , Elaine M. Huang , Hans-Peter Hutter , Thilo Stadelmann , Alireza Darvishy

We present a new approach to evaluate computational models for the task of text understanding by the means of out-of-context error detection. Through the novel design of our automated modification process, existing large-scale data sources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Patrick Huber , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel

We present a perspective on platforms for code submission and automated evaluation in the context of university teaching. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such platforms have become an essential asset for remote courses and a reasonable…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Florian Auer , Johann Frei , Dominik Müller , Frank Kramer

Math is the backbone of any field. Still its a night mare for many. Recent survey proves that many students become dropouts from their higher education due to math courses. ICT is an enchanted word in the contemporary educational…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-04-09 R. D. Balaji , V. Veeramani , Malathi Balaji

Diagrams are widely used in teaching computer science courses. They are useful in subjects such as automata and formal languages, data structures, etc. These diagrams, often drawn by students during exams or assignments, vary in structure,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ethan Young , Zichun Wang , Aiden Taylor , Chance Jewell , Julian Myers , Satya Sri Rajiteswari Nimmagadda , Anthony White , Aniruddha Maiti , Ananya Jana