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Metamorphic testing (MT) is a simple yet effective technique to alleviate the oracle problem in software testing. The underlying idea of MT is to test a software system by checking whether metamorphic relations (MRs) hold among multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-31 An Fu , Chang-ai Sun , Jiaming Zhang , Huai Liu

Security testing aims at verifying that the software meets its security properties. In modern Web systems, however, this often entails the verification of the outputs generated when exercising the system with a very large set of inputs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Nazanin Bayati Chaleshtari , Fabrizio Pastore , Arda Goknil , Lionel C. Briand

Self-driving cars have the potential to revolutionize transportation, but ensuring their safety remains a significant challenge. These systems must navigate a variety of unexpected scenarios on the road, and their complexity poses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Tony Zhang , Burak Kantarci , Umair Siddique

Remarkable progress has been made in automated problem solving through societies of agents based on large language models (LLMs). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as a complex problem, presents unique challenges in automated simulations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Yuxuan Chen , Xu Zhu , Hua Zhou , Zhuyin Ren

Metamorphic testing (MT) is a widely recognized technique for alleviating the oracle problem in software testing. However, its adoption is hindered by the difficulty of constructing effective metamorphic relations (MRs), which often require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Congying Xu , Hengcheng Zhu , Songqiang Chen , Jiarong Wu , Valerio Terragni , Shing-Chi Cheung

As systems become more complex, the demand for thorough testing and virtual prototyping grows. To simulate whole systems, multiple tools are usually needed to cover different parts. These parts include the hardware of a system and the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Nils Bosbach , Meik Schmidt , Lukas Jünger , Matthias Berthold , Rainer Leupers

Visual Question Answering (VQA), as the representative multimodal task, serves as a key benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing evaluations largely rely on static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Quanxing Xu , Yuhao Tian , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Existing LLM-enabled multi-agent frameworks are predominantly limited to digital or simulated environments and confined to narrowly focused knowledge domain, constraining their applicability to complex engineering tasks that require the…

The growing complexity of cyber-physical systems, particularly in automotive applications, has increased the demand for efficient modeling and cross-domain co-simulation techniques. While SystemC Transaction-Level Modeling (TLM) enables…

Model transformations are the cornerstone of Model-Driven Engineering, and provide the essential mechanisms for manipulating and transforming models. Checking whether the output of a model transformation is correct is a manual and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Javier Troya , Sergio Segura , Antonio Ruiz-Cortés

The growing dependence on mobile phones and their apps has made multi-user interactive features, like chat calls, live streaming, and video conferencing, indispensable for bridging the gaps in social connectivity caused by physical and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Sidong Feng , Changhao Du , Huaxiao Liu , Qingnan Wang , Zhengwei Lv , Mengfei Wang , Chunyang Chen

In machine learning, supervised classifiers are used to obtain predictions for unlabeled data by inferring prediction functions using labeled data. Supervised classifiers are widely applied in domains such as computational biology,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Prashanta Saha , Upulee Kanewala

An oracle determines whether the output of a program for executed test cases is correct. For machine learning programs, such an oracle is often unavailable or impractical to apply. Metamorphic testing addresses this by using metamorphic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

It is important to have multi-agent robotic system specifications that ensure correctness properties of safety and liveness. As these systems have concurrency, and often have dynamic environment, the formal specification and verification of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Nadeem Akhtar , Malik M. Saad Missen

The increasing complexity of regulatory updates from global authorities presents significant challenges for medical device manufacturers, necessitating agile strategies to sustain compliance and maintain market access. Concurrently,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yu Han , Zekun Guo

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong potential as agents for tool invocation due to their advanced comprehension and planning capabilities. Users increasingly rely on LLM-based agents to solve complex missions through iterative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Peijie Yu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Haorui Wang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, researchers have been working on how to utilize the LLMs for better recommendations. However, although LLMs exhibit black-box and probabilistic characteristics (meaning their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Madhurima Khirbat , Yongli Ren , Pablo Castells , Mark Sanderson

Metamorphic testing is a testing method for problems without test oracles. Integration testing allows for detecting errors in complex systems that may not be found during the testing of their components. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Sofia F. Yakusheva , Anton S. Khritankov

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing but remain vulnerable to fairness-related issues, often reflecting biases inherent in their training data. These biases pose risks, particularly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Harishwar Reddy , Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Optimizing numerical systems and mechanism design is crucial for enhancing player experience in Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) games. Traditional optimization approaches rely on large-scale online experiments or parameter tuning over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Ran Zhang , Kun Ouyang , Tiancheng Ma , Yida Yang , Dong Fang