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As conventional answer selection (AS) methods generally match the question with each candidate answer independently, they suffer from the lack of matching information between the question and the candidate. To address this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Yingxue Zhang , Fandong Meng , Peng Li , Ping Jian , Jie Zhou

Historical interactions are the default choice for recommender model training, which typically exhibit high sparsity, i.e., most user-item pairs are unobserved missing data. A standard choice is treating the missing data as negative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Chenxu Wang , Fuli Feng , Yang Zhang , Qifan Wang , Xunhan Hu , Xiangnan He

Despite significant progress, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) still struggle with complex visual reasoning, where multi-step dependencies cause early errors to cascade through the reasoning chain. Existing post-training paradigms are limited:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yanbei Jiang , Chao Lei , Yihao Ding , Krista Ehinger , Jey Han Lau

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled collaborative Multi-Agent (MA) systems, where interacting agents improve performance through diverse reasoning and iterative refinement. However, these systems remain vulnerable to error…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yong Jin Chun , Iftekhar Ahmed

Prompt agents have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for automated prompt optimization, framing prompt discovery as a sequential decision-making problem over a structured prompt space. While this formulation enables the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Siran Peng , Weisong Zhao , Tianyu Fu , Chenxu Zhao , Tianshuo Zhang , Haoyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhu , Minghui Wu , Zhen Lei

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically face constraints because of their inherent mechanism: a simple top-k semantic search [1]. The approach often leads to the incorporation of irrelevant or redundant information in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Andreas Ottem

Missing modalities are a common challenge in real-world multimodal learning scenarios, occurring during both training and testing. Existing methods for managing missing modalities often require the design of separate prompts for each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zhe Chen , Xun Lin , Yawen Cui , Zitong Yu

Vision Language Model (VLM) typically assume complete modality input during inference. However, their effectiveness drops sharply when certain modalities are unavailable or incomplete. Current research on missing modality primarily faces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Wei Dai , Haoyu Wang , Honghao Chang , Lijun He , Fan Li , Jian Sun , Haixia Bi

In past years model-agnostic meta-learning (MAML) has been one of the most promising approaches in meta-learning. It can be applied to different kinds of problems, e.g., reinforcement learning, but also shows good results on few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Thomas Goerttler , Klaus Obermayer

Medical Multimodal Large Language Models (Med-MLLMs) have shown great promise in medical visual question answering (Med-VQA). However, when deployed in low-resource settings where abundant labeled data are unavailable, existing Med-MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ziqing Wang , Chengsheng Mao , Xiaole Wen , Yuan Luo , Kaize Ding

Missing data in supervised learning is well-studied, but the specific issue of missing labels during model evaluation has been overlooked. Ignoring samples with missing values, a common solution, can introduce bias, especially when data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Danial Dervovic , Michael Cashmore

Meta learning have achieved promising performance in low-resource text classification which aims to identify target classes with knowledge transferred from source classes with sets of small tasks named episodes. However, due to the limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Rongsheng Li , Yangning Li , Yinghui Li , Chaiyut Luoyiching , Hai-Tao Zheng , Nannan Zhou , Hanjing Su

In recent years, Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA) has become a research hotspot that aims to utilize multimodal data for human sentiment understanding. Previous MSA studies have mainly focused on performing interaction and fusion on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ziyang Liu , Pengjunfei Chu , Shuming Dong , Chen Zhang , Mingcheng Li , Jin Wang

We present $\textbf{Research Math Agents (RMA)}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zelin Zhao , Bo Yuan , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen

MOVEMETHOD is a hallmark refactoring. Despite a plethora of research tools that recommend which methods to move and where, these recommendations do not align with how expert developers perform MOVEMETHOD. Given the extensive training of…

Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) leverages cross-lingual evidence to ground Large Language Models (LLMs) in global knowledge. However, we show that current mRAG systems suffer from a language bias during reranking,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Dan Wang , Guozhao Mo , Yafei Shi , Cheng Zhang , Bo Zheng , Boxi Cao , Xuanang Chen , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Handling missing values at test time is challenging for machine learning models, especially when aiming for both high accuracy and interpretability. Established approaches often add bias through imputation or excessive model complexity via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Lena Stempfle , Anton Matsson , Newton Mwai , Fredrik D. Johansson

Modal regression has emerged as a flexible alternative to classical regression models when the conditional mean or median are unable to adequately capture the underlying relation between a response and a predictor variable. This approach is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-08 Ana Pérez-González , Tomás R. Cotos-Yáñez , Rosa M. Crujeiras

Modern enterprise retrieval systems must handle short, underspecified queries such as ``foreign transaction fee refund'' and ``recent check status''. In these cases, semantic nuance and metadata matter but per-query large language model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Satya Swaroop Gudipudi , Sahil Girhepuje , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Kristine Ma

Multi-modal retrieval-augmented Question Answering (MRAQA), integrating text and images, has gained significant attention in information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP). Traditional ranking methods rely on small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yang Bai , Christan Earl Grant , Daisy Zhe Wang