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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a flexible framework for solving forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), but standard PINN training typically relies on soft penalty formulations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Binghang Lu , Runyu Zhang , Changhong Mou , Na Li , Guang Lin

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have received significant attention as a unified framework for forward, inverse, and surrogate modeling of problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). Training PINNs for forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ehsan Haghighat , Danial Amini , Ruben Juanes

There has been rapid progress recently on the application of deep networks to the solution of partial differential equations, collectively labelled as Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). In this paper, we develop Physics Informed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) recast PDE solving as an optimisation problem in function space by minimising a residual-based objective, yet many applications require additional derivative-based relations that are just as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kentaro Hoshisashi , Carolyn E Phelan , Paolo Barucca

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently achieved remarkable progress in solving Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in various fields by minimizing a weighted sum of PDE loss and boundary loss. However, there are several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jiachen Yao , Chang Su , Zhongkai Hao , Songming Liu , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Solving time-dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is one of the most critical problems in computational science. While Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising framework for approximating PDE solutions, their…

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative for solving partial differential equations, offering a mesh-free framework that incorporates physical laws directly into the learning process. In this…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Gal G. Shaviner , Hemanth Chandravamsi , Shimon Pisnoy , Ziv Chen , Steven H. Frankel

A physics informed neural network (PINN) incorporates the physics of a system by satisfying its boundary value problem through a neural network's loss function. The PINN approach has shown great success in approximating the map between the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-17 Revanth Mattey , Susanta Ghosh

The current work aims to incorporate physics-based loss in Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) directly using the numerical residual obtained from the governing equation in any dicretized forward solver. PINN's major difficulties in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Rahul Halder , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza

The widespread use of neural networks across different scientific domains often involves constraining them to satisfy certain symmetries, conservation laws, or other domain knowledge. Such constraints are often imposed as soft penalties…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Sifan Wang , Yujun Teng , Paris Perdikaris

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

We show that the physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), in combination with some recently developed discontinuity capturing neural networks, can be applied to solve optimal control problems subject to partial differential equations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Ming-Chih Lai , Yongcun Song , Xiaoming Yuan , Hangrui Yue , Tianyou Zeng

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), owing to their mesh-free nature, offer a powerful approach for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) in complex geometries, including irregular domains. This capability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Hanfei Zhou , Lei Shi

This paper proposes a rank inspired neural network (RINN) to tackle the initialization sensitivity issue of physics informed extreme learning machines (PIELM) when numerically solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Unlike PIELM…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Wentao Peng , Yunqing Huang , Nianyu Yi

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a popular approach for solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). Compared to fully connected neural networks, PINNs based on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-06 Jiahao Song , Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

A large number of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations are often required for uncertainty quantification, optimization, and real-time diagnostic information, making MHD equilibrium codes vital to the field of plasma physics.…

Multi-task learning through composite loss functions is fundamental to modern deep learning, yet optimizing competing objectives remains challenging. We present new theoretical and practical approaches for addressing directional conflicts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Sifan Wang , Ananyae Kumar Bhartari , Bowen Li , Paris Perdikaris

Solving analytically intractable partial differential equations (PDEs) that involve at least one variable defined on an unbounded domain arises in numerous physical applications. Accurately solving unbounded domain PDEs requires efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mingtao Xia , Lucas Böttcher , Tom Chou

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a very popular class of neural solvers for partial differential equations. In practice, one often employs stochastic gradient descent type algorithms to train the neural network. Therefore,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Bangti Jin , Longjun Wu

Several recent works in scientific machine learning have revived interest in the application of neural networks to partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach is to aggregate the residual form of the governing PDE and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak