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In dialogues in which both agents are autonomous, each agent deliberates whether to accept or reject the contributions of the current speaker. A speaker cannot simply assume that a proposal or an assertion will be accepted. However, an…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Marilyn A. Walker

Different types of reasoning impose different structural demands on representational systems, yet no systematic account of these demands exists across psychology, AI, and philosophy of mind. I propose a framework identifying four structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiling Wu

When a system commits to a hypothesis, much of the evidential structure behind that commitment is lost to compression. Standard accounts assume that selected content and scalar confidence suffice for downstream control. This paper argues…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mark Walsh

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Inattentional blindness is the psychological phenomenon that causes one to miss things in plain sight. It is a consequence of the selective attention in perception that lets us remain focused on important parts of our world without…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-03 Yujin Tang , Duong Nguyen , David Ha

Reinforcement learning defines the problem facing agents that learn to make good decisions through action and observation alone. To be effective problem solvers, such agents must efficiently explore vast worlds, assign credit from delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 David Abel

Existing approaches for the design of interpretable agent behavior consider different measures of interpretability in isolation. In this paper we posit that, in the design and deployment of human-aware agents in the real world, notions of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Sarath Sreedharan , Anagha Kulkarni , Tathagata Chakraborti , David E. Smith , Subbarao Kambhampati

Responsible AI has risen to the forefront of the AI research community. As neural network-based learning algorithms continue to permeate real-world applications, the field of Responsible AI has played a large role in ensuring that such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Niko A. Grupen

Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Lakshmi Narayan Pandey , Rahul Vashisht , Harish G. Ramaswamy

Embodied Question Answering (EQA) requires an agent to interpret language, perceive its environment, and navigate within 3D scenes to produce responses. Existing EQA benchmarks assume that every question must be answered, but embodied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Tao Wu , Chuhao Zhou , Guangyu Zhao , Haozhi Cao , Yewen Pu , Jianfei Yang

Reinforcement learning has traditionally focused on a singular objective: learning policies that select actions to maximize reward. We challenge this paradigm by asking: what if we explicitly architected RL systems as inference engines that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Artificial agents capable of understanding and aligning with others' intentions are essential for safe and socially robust artificial intelligence. We introduce a computational framework for empathy in active inference agents, grounded in…

AI systems increasingly produce fluent, correct, end-to-end outcomes. Over time, this erodes users' ability to explain, verify, or intervene. We define this divergence as the Capability-Comprehension Gap: a decoupling where assisted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fangzhou Lin , Qianwen Ge , Lingyu Xu , Peiran Li , Xiangbo Gao , Shuo Xing , Kazunori Yamada , Ziming Zhang , Haichong Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

This paper proposes a conceptual framework in which intelligence and consciousness emerge from relational structure rather than from prediction or domain-specific mechanisms. Intelligence is defined as the capacity to form and integrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Sean Niklas Semmler

Ad hoc teamwork refers to the problem of enabling an agent to collaborate with teammates without prior coordination. Data-driven methods represent the state of the art in ad hoc teamwork. They use a large labeled dataset of prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Hasra Dodampegama , Mohan Sridharan

Large language models often produce unsupported claims. We frame this as a misclassification error at the output boundary, where internally generated completions are emitted as if they were grounded in evidence. This motivates a composite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Angelina Hintsanen

We argue that an explainable artificial intelligence must possess a rationale for its decisions, be able to infer the purpose of observed behaviour, and be able to explain its decisions in the context of what its audience understands and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Michael Timothy Bennett , Yoshihiro Maruyama

Open intent detection is a significant problem in natural language understanding, which aims to identify the unseen open intent while ensuring known intent identification performance. However, current methods face two major challenges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Hanlei Zhang , Hua Xu , Shaojie Zhao , Qianrui Zhou

Frontier AI systems require governance mechanisms that can verify internal alignment, not just behavioral compliance. Private governance mechanisms audits, certification, insurance, and procurement are emerging to complement public…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Aadit Sengupta , Pratinav Seth , Vinay Kumar Sankarapu

Abstaining classifiers have the option to refrain from providing a prediction for instances that are difficult to classify. The abstention mechanism is designed to trade off the classifier's performance on the accepted data while ensuring a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Daphne Lenders , Andrea Pugnana , Roberto Pellungrini , Toon Calders , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti
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