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As AI agents built on large language models (LLMs) become increasingly embedded in society, issues of coordination, control, delegation, and accountability are entangled with concerns over their reliability. To design and implement LLM…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-09 R. Patrick Xian , Garry A. Gabison , Ahmed Alaa , Christoph Riedl , Grigorios G. Chrysos

Recently, autonomous agents built on large language models (LLMs) have experienced significant development and are being deployed in real-world applications. These agents can extend the base LLM's capabilities in multiple ways. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Boyang Zhang , Yicong Tan , Yun Shen , Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly employed to automate complex software engineering tasks, such as program repair and issue resolution. These agents operate by autonomously generating natural language thoughts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel

We introduce a unified framework that seamlessly integrates algorithmic recourse, contextual bandits, and large language models (LLMs) to support sequential decision-making in high-stakes settings such as personalized medicine. We first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junyu Cao , Ruijiang Gao , Esmaeil Keyvanshokooh , Jianhao Ma

Applications of Large Language Models~(LLMs) have evolved from simple text generators into complex software systems that integrate retrieval augmentation, tool invocation, and multi-turn interactions. Their inherent non-determinism,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Qiang Hu , Shi Ying , Zhi Jin , Bo Du , Zhenchang Xing , Tianlin Li , Junjie Shi , Yang Liu , Linxiao Jiang

This survey investigates foundational technologies essential for developing effective Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems. Aiming to answer how best to optimize these systems for collaborative, dynamic environments, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-04 R. M. Aratchige , W. M. K. S. Ilmini

This paper introduces a novel framework for simulating and analyzing how uncooperative behaviors can destabilize or collapse LLM-based multi-agent systems. Our framework includes two key components: (1) a game theory-based taxonomy of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Devang Kulshreshtha , Wanyu Du , Raghav Jain , Srikanth Doss , Hang Su , Sandesh Swamy , Yanjun Qi

Large language models (LLMs) face a fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency (e.g., number of parameters) and output quality, especially when deployed on computationally limited devices such as phones or laptops. One way to…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in conversational systems by generating human-like responses. However, they can fall short, especially when required to account for personalization or specific knowledge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Soyeong Jeong , Aparna Elangovan , Emine Yilmaz , Oleg Rokhlenko

Large Language Model (LLM) agentic systems are software systems powered by LLMs that autonomously reason, plan, and execute multi-step workflows to achieve human goals, rather than merely executing predefined steps. During execution, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jingwen Zhou , Jieshan Chen , Qinghua Lu , Dehai Zhao , Liming Zhu

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents has produced diverse interaction paradigms, yet few production systems integrate multiple paradigms within a unified architecture. This paper presents a systematic analysis of three…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaohua Wang , Chao Han , Kai Yu , XiaoLiang Xu , Liang Wang

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with High-Performance Computing (HPC) is transforming scientific workflows from human-directed pipelines into adaptive systems capable of autonomous decision-making. Large language models…

Large language models (LLMs) have been a disruptive innovation in recent years, and they play a crucial role in our daily lives due to their ability to understand and generate human-like text. Their capabilities include natural language…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Akrit Mudvari , Yuang Jiang , Leandros Tassiulas

Autonomous agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved from reactive assistants to systems capable of planning, executing actions via tools, and iterating over environment observations. However, they remain vulnerable to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Elzo Brito dos Santos Filho

Since the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), various research based on such models have maintained significant academic attention and impact, especially in AI and robotics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework with LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Junhong Chen , Ziqi Yang , Haoyuan G Xu , Dandan Zhang , George Mylonas

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

Customer-service LLM agents increasingly make policy-bound decisions (refunds, rebooking, billing disputes), but the same ``helpful'' interaction style can be exploited: a small fraction of users can induce unauthorized concessions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jingyu Zhang