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Covert quantum communication is usually analyzed under idealized assumptions that channel parameters, such as transmissivity and background noise, are perfectly known and constant. In realistic optical links, including satellite, fiber, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Abbas Arghavani , Alessandro V. Papadopoulos , Vahid Azimi Mousolou , Giuseppe Nebbione , Shahid Raza

We consider quantum and private communications assisted by repeaters, from the basic scenario of a single repeater chain to the general case of an arbitrarily-complex quantum network, where systems may be routed through single or multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-17 Stefano Pirandola

Uncovering emergent concepts across transformer layers remains a significant challenge because the residual stream linearly mixes and duplicates information, obscuring how features evolve within large language models. Current research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Ankur Garg , Xuemin Yu , Hassan Sajjad , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

We show that the problem of communication in a quantum computer reduces to constructing reliable quantum channels by distributing high-fidelity EPR pairs. We develop analytical models of the latency, bandwidth, error rate and resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nemanja Isailovic , Yatish Patel , Mark Whitney , John Kubiatowicz

We introduce the concept of Quantum Ping (QPing) as a diagnostic primitive for future quantum networks, designed to assess whether two or more end nodes can establish practical quantum entanglement with efficient resource consumption,…

Quantum communications promises reliable transmission of quantum information, efficient distribution of entanglement and generation of completely secure keys. For all these tasks, we need to determine the optimal point-to-point rates that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-27 Stefano Pirandola , Riccardo Laurenza , Carlo Ottaviani , Leonardo Banchi

Each year, the gap between theoretical proposals and experimental endeavours to create quantum computers gets smaller, driven by the promise of fundamentally faster algorithms and quantum simulations. This occurs by the combination of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Bobby Antonio

We establish fundamental and general techniques for formal verification of quantum protocols. Quantum protocols are novel communication schemes involving the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena for representation, storage and transmission…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou

Compressive sensing is a sensing protocol that facilitates reconstruction of large signals from relatively few measurements by exploiting known structures of signals of interest, typically manifested as signal sparsity. Compressive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-10 Kyle Sherbert , Naveed Naimipour , Haleh Safavi , Harry Shaw , Mojtaba Soltanalian

Simulating electronic structure on a quantum computer requires encoding of fermionic systems onto qubits. Common encoding methods transform a fermionic system of $N$ spin-orbitals into an $N$-qubit system, but many of the fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Yu Shee , Pei-Kai Tsai , Cheng-Lin Hong , Hao-Chung Cheng , Hsi-Sheng Goan

We introduce NetQASM, a low-level instruction set architecture for quantum internet applications. NetQASM is a universal, platform-independent and extendable instruction set with support for local quantum gates, powerful classical logic and…

Quantum communications is the art of exchanging and manipulating information beyond the capabilities of the conventional technologies using the laws of quantum mechanics. With applications ranging from quantum computing to cryptographic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 T. K. Paraïso , R. I. Woodward , D. G. Marangon , V. Lovic , Z. L. Yuan , A. J. Shields

The physical layer describes how communication signals are encoded and transmitted across a channel. Physical security often requires either restricting access to the channel or performing periodic manual inspections. In this tutorial, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-18 Travis S. Humble

The coexistence of quantum and classical signals over the same optical fiber with minimal degradation of the transmitted quantum information is critical for operating large-scale quantum networks over the existing communications…

Quantum computing will change the way we tackle certain problems. It promises to dramatically speed-up many chemical, financial, and machine-learning applications. However, to capitalize on those promises, complex design flows composed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

We study the current state of the Quantum Software Engineering (QSE) ecosystem, focusing on the achievements, activities, and engagements from academia and industry, with a special focus on successful entrepreneurial endeavors in this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nazanin Siavash , Armin Moin

Quantum computing is a rapidly evolving field that enables exponential speed-up over classical algorithms. At the heart of this revolutionary technology are quantum circuits, which serve as vital tools for implementing, analyzing, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-30 Zhen Wen , Yihan Liu , Siwei Tan , Jieyi Chen , Minfeng Zhu , Dongming Han , Jianwei Yin , Mingliang Xu , Wei Chen

Quantum communication has been leading the way of many remarkable theoretical results and experimental tests in physics. In this context, quantum communication complexity (QCC) has recently drawn earnest research attention as a tool to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 Hipólito Gómez-Sousa

The complementary features of different qubit platforms for computing and communicating impose an intrinsic hardware heterogeneity in any quantum network, where nodes, while processing and storing quantum information, must also communicate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Marcello Caleffi , Laura d'Avossa , Xu Han , Angela Sara Cacciapuoti

Channel capacities quantify the optimal rates of sending information reliably over noisy channels. Usually, the study of capacities assumes that the circuits which sender and receiver use for encoding and decoding consist of perfectly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Paula Belzig , Matthias Christandl , Alexander Müller-Hermes