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The framework of Koopman operator theory is discussed along with its connections to Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) and (Kernel) Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD). This paper provides a succinct overview with consistent notation.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-07 Christophe Patyn , Geert Deconinck

This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the Koopman operator defined on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) and its spectra. We propose an estimation method, what we call Jet Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (JetEDMD),…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Isao Ishikawa , Yuka Hashimoto , Masahiro Ikeda , Yoshinobu Kawahara

In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven approach for learning and control of quadrotor UAVs based on the Koopman operator and extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD). Building observables for EDMD based on conventional methods like…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Sriram S. K. S. Narayanan , Duvan Tellez-Castro , Sarang Sutavani , Umesh Vaidya

We derive a data-driven method for the approximation of the Koopman generator called gEDMD, which can be regarded as a straightforward extension of EDMD (extended dynamic mode decomposition). This approach is applicable to deterministic and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Stefan Klus , Feliks Nüske , Sebastian Peitz , Jan-Hendrik Niemann , Cecilia Clementi , Christof Schütte

The analysis of nonlinear dynamical systems based on the Koopman operator is attracting attention in various applications. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a data-driven algorithm for Koopman spectral analysis, and several variants with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Naoya Takeishi , Yoshinobu Kawahara , Takehisa Yairi

Koopman operator theory has been gaining momentum for model extraction, planning, and control of data-driven robotic systems. The Koopman operator's ability to extract dynamics from data depends heavily on the selection of an appropriate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Lu Shi , Konstantinos Karydis

In this paper, a data-driven nonparametric approach is presented for forecasting the probability density evolution of stochastic dynamical systems. The method is based on stochastic Koopman operator and extended dynamic mode decomposition…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-12 Meng Zhao , Lijian Jiang

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) is a technique to approximate generally non-linear dynamical systems using linear techniques, which are better understood and easier to analyze. Koopman theory extends DMD by transforming the original system…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Sourya Dey

Representation of a dynamical system in terms of simplifying modes is a central premise of reduced order modelling and a primary concern of the increasingly popular DMD (dynamic mode decomposition) empirical interpretation of Koopman…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Erik Bollt

We present a new framework for optimal and feedback control of PDEs using Koopman operator-based reduced order models (K-ROMs). The Koopman operator is a linear but infinite-dimensional operator which describes the dynamics of observables.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-14 Sebastian Peitz , Stefan Klus

The Koopman framework is a popular approach to transform a finite dimensional nonlinear system into an infinite dimensional, but linear model through a lifting process, using so-called observable functions. While there is an extensive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Lucian Cristian Iacob , Maarten Schoukens , Roland Tóth

The Koopman operator plays a crucial role in analyzing the global behavior of dynamical systems. Existing data-driven methods for approximating the Koopman operator or discovering the governing equations of the underlying system typically…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Mohammad Tabish , Neil K. Chada , Stefan Klus

Symbolic library -- or Koopman dictionary -- selection is a fundamental challenge in data-driven dynamical systems. Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition (EDMD), Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy), and Kolmogorov--Arnold…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Kevin Slote , Erik Bollt , Jeremie Fish

Advances in machine learning and the growing trend towards effortless data generation in real-world systems has led to an increasing interest for data-inferred models and data-based control in robotics. It seems appealing to govern robots…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-05 Mario Rosenfelder , Lea Bold , Hannes Eschmann , Peter Eberhard , Karl Worthmann , Henrik Ebel

The Koopman operator is a mathematical tool that allows for a linear description of non-linear systems, but working in infinite dimensional spaces. Dynamic Mode Decomposition and Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition are amongst the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Francesco Zanini , Alessandro Chiuso

For nonlinear (control) systems, extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) is a popular method to obtain data-driven surrogate models. Its theoretical foundation is the Koopman framework, in which one propagates observable functions of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Lea Bold , Lars Grüne , Manuel Schaller , Karl Worthmann

Extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) provides a class of algorithms to identify patterns and effective degrees of freedom in complex dynamical systems. We show that the modes identified by EDMD correspond to those of compact…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Julia Slipantschuk , Oscar F. Bandtlow , Wolfram Just

Analyzing the long-term behavior of high-dimensional nonlinear dynamical systems remains a significant challenge. While the Koopman operator framework provides a powerful global linearization tool, current methods for approximating its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yuanchao Xu , Kaidi Shao , Nikos Logothetis , Zhongwei Shen

This paper presents a data-learned linear Koopman embedding of nonlinear networked dynamics and uses it to enable real-time model predictive emergency voltage control in a power network. The approach involves a novel data-driven…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-06 Ramij R. Hossain , Rahmat Adesunkanmi , Ratnesh Kumar

Traditional control methods often show limitations in dealing with complex nonlinear systems, especially when it is difficult to accurately obtain the exact system model, and the control accuracy and stability are difficult to guarantee. To…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-11 Yangjun Sun , Zhiliang Liu
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