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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) frequently exhibit hallucination phenomena, but the underlying reasons remain poorly understood. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis and find that, although MLLMs incorrectly generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Chenxi Wang , Xiang Chen , Ningyu Zhang , Bozhong Tian , Haoming Xu , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen

The Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) enhances user interaction and enriches user experience by integrating visual modality on the basis of the Large Language Models (LLMs). It has demonstrated their powerful information processing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wei Lan , Wenyi Chen , Qingfeng Chen , Shirui Pan , Huiyu Zhou , Yi Pan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in bridging the gap between visual and language modalities. However, hallucinations in MLLMs, where the generated text does not align with image content, continue to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Kohou Wang , Xiang Liu , Zhaoxiang Liu , Kai Wang , Shiguo Lian

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal task reasoning. However, they often generate responses that appear plausible yet do not accurately reflect the visual content, a phenomenon known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jiaqi Wang , Yifei Gao , Jitao Sang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly expanded their utility in tasks like image captioning and visual question answering. However, they still struggle with object hallucination, where models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yeongjae Cho , Keonwoo Kim , Taebaek Hwang , Sungzoon Cho

Recent development of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has attracted growing attention within the AI landscape for its practical implementation potential. However, ``hallucination'', or more specifically, the misalignment between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hanchao Liu , Wenyuan Xue , Yifei Chen , Dapeng Chen , Xiutian Zhao , Ke Wang , Liping Hou , Rongjun Li , Wei Peng

Large vision-language models can produce object hallucinations in image descriptions, highlighting the need for effective detection and mitigation strategies. Prior work commonly relies on the model's attention weights on visual tokens as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Reihaneh Zohrabi , Hosein Hasani , Akshita Gupta , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Anna Rohrbach , Marcus Rohrbach

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong performance in multi-image cross-modal retrieval, yet suffer from severe position bias, where predictions are dominated by input order rather than semantic relevance. Through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Mingtao Xian , Yifeng Yang , Qinying Gu , Xinbing Wang , Nanyang Ye

Vision-language model (VLM) hallucination is commonly linked to imbalanced allocation of attention across input modalities: system, image and text. However, existing mitigation strategies tend towards an image-centric interpretation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Tsan Tsai Chan , Varsha Suresh , Anisha Saha , Michael Hahn , Vera Demberg

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention recently and demonstrate outstanding capabilities in various tasks such as OCR, VQA, captioning, $\textit{etc}$. However, hallucination remains a persistent issue.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zehao Wang , Xinpeng Liu , Yudonglin Zhang , Xiaoqian Wu , Zhou Fang , Yifan Fang , Junfu Pu , Cewu Lu , Yong-Lu Li

Although Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities in understanding multimodal data, they invariably suffer from hallucinations, leading to a disconnect between the generated text and the corresponding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Xinyu Lyu , Beitao Chen , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Heng Tao Shen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in tackling a variety of visual-language tasks. However, current LVLMs suffer from misalignment between text and image modalities which causes three kinds of hallucination…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Liqiang Jing , Xinya Du

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently shown remarkable capabilities in visual understanding and generation, but remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations of visual content. Prior object-hiding attacks primarily rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Amira Guesmi , Muhammad Shafique

Large vision-language models have become widely adopted to advance in various domains. However, developing a trustworthy system with minimal interpretable characteristics of large-scale models presents a significant challenge. One of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Huu-Thien Tran , Thanh-Dat Truong , Khoa Luu

We propose a lightweight and single-pass uncertainty quantification method for detecting hallucinations in Large Language Models. The method uses attention matrices to estimate uncertainty without requiring repeated sampling or external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Gijs van Dijk

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) present a growing challenge across real-world applications, from healthcare to law, where factual reliability is essential. Despite advances in alignment and instruction tuning, LLMs can still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Makoto Sato

Recently, multimodal large language models have made significant advancements in video understanding tasks. However, their ability to understand unprocessed long videos is very limited, primarily due to the difficulty in supporting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yiwei Sun , Zhihang Liu , Chuanbin Liu , Bowei Pu , Zhihan Zhang , Hongtao Xie

Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand out in various tasks but still struggle with hallucinations. While recent training-free mitigation methods mostly introduce additional inference overhead via retrospection strategy and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Chongjun Tu , Peng Ye , Dongzhan Zhou , Lei Bai , Gang Yu , Tao Chen , Wanli Ouyang

Despite the impressive capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), they remain susceptible to hallucinations-generating content that is inconsistent with the input image. Existing training-free hallucination mitigation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kai Tang , Jinhao You , Xiuqi Ge , Hanze Li , Yichen Guo , Xiande Huang

Multimodal Large Reasoning Models (MLRMs) have achieved remarkable strides in visual reasoning through test time compute scaling, yet long chain reasoning remains prone to hallucinations. We identify a concerning phenomenon termed the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhe Qian , Yanbiao Ma , Zhuohan Ouyang , Zhonghua Wang , Zhongxing Xu , Fei Luo , Xinyu Liu , Zongyuan Ge , Yike Guo , Jungong Han
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