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Low-rank adaption (LoRA) is a representative method in the field of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), and is key to Democratizating the modern large language models (LLMs). The vanilla LoRA is implemented with uniform ranks, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yi Zhao , Qinghua Yao , Xinyuan song , Wei Zhu

Transfer learning via fine-tuning pre-trained transformer models has gained significant success in delivering state-of-the-art results across various NLP tasks. In the absence of centralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can benefit from…

Large language models are often adapted using parameter-efficient techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), formulated as $y = W_0x + BAx$, where $W_0$ is the pre-trained parameters and $x$ is the input to the adapted layer. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hao Ban , Kaiyi Ji

In the past, continual learning (CL) was mostly concerned with the problem of catastrophic forgetting in neural networks, that arises when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. Current CL methods function within the confines of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Shishir Muralidhara , Didier Stricker , René Schuster

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, but it is notably ineffective at removing backdoor behaviors from poisoned pretrained models when fine-tuning on clean dataset. Contrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hoang-Chau Luong , Lingwei Chen

Fine-tuning helps large language models (LLM) recover degraded information and enhance task performance. Although Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used and effective for fine-tuning, we have observed that its scaling factor can limit or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jun Liu , Zhenglun Kong , Peiyan Dong , Changdi Yang , Xuan Shen , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Geng Yuan , Wei Niu , Wenbin Zhang , Xue Lin , Dong Huang , Yanzhi Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

In fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), conserving computational resources while maintaining effectiveness and improving outcomes within the same computational constraints is crucial. The Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) strategy balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaojun Xiao , Sen Shen , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Kairui Liu , Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with high parameter efficiency for downstream tasks has become a new paradigm. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters for fine-tuning. Although it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jia-Chen Zhang , Yu-Jie Xiong , He-Xi Qiu , Dong-Hai Zhu , Chun-Ming Xia

Although the advancements of pre-trained Large Language Models have significantly accelerated recent progress in NLP, their ever-increasing size poses significant challenges for conventional fine-tuning, especially in memory-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chenxi Whitehouse , Fantine Huot , Jasmijn Bastings , Mostafa Dehghani , Chu-Cheng Lin , Mirella Lapata

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become an essential approach for adapting large-scale pre-trained models while reducing computational costs. Among PEFT methods, LoRA significantly reduces trainable parameters by decomposing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiancheng Zhao , Xingda Yu , Zhen Yang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants are widely employed in fine-tuning large models, including large language models for natural language processing and diffusion models for computer vision. This paper proposes a generalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu Perry Wang , Matthew Brand , Guanghui Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

How to adapt a pre-trained model continuously for sequential tasks with different prediction class labels and domains and finally learn a generalizable model across diverse tasks is a long-lasting challenge. Continual learning (CL) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xiaobing Yu , Jin Yang , Xiao Wu , Peijie Qiu , Xiaofeng Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a cornerstone of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Yet, its efficacy is hampered by two fundamental limitations: semantic drift, by treating all update directions with equal importance, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xi Xiao , Chenrui Ma , Yunbei Zhang , Chen Liu , Zhuxuanzi Wang , Yanshu Li , Lin Zhao , Guosheng Hu , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has significantly advanced parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large pretrained models. LoRA augments the pre-trained weights of a model by adding the product of two smaller matrices that together form a low-rank…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 David Bensaïd , Noam Rotstein , Roy Velich , Daniel Bensaïd , Ron Kimmel

This paper introduces Standard Basis LoRA (SBoRA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models that builds upon the pioneering works of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and Orthogonal Adaptation. SBoRA reduces the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Lai-Man Po , Yuyang Liu , Haoxuan Wu , Tianqi Zhang , Wing-Yin Yu , Zhuohan Wang , Zeyu Jiang , Kun Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient method for fine-tuning Large Langauge Models. It updates the weight matrix as $W=W_0+sBA$, where $W_0$ is the original frozen weight, $s$ is a scaling factor and $A$,$B$ are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yize Wu , Ke Gao , Ling Li , Yanjun Wu

Existing research has shown that large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance in language understanding and generation. However, when LLMs are continuously fine-tuned on complex and diverse domain-specific downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Weijieying Ren , Xinlong Li , Lei Wang , Tianxiang Zhao , Wei Qin

Adapting large pre-trained language models to downstream tasks often entails fine-tuning millions of parameters or deploying costly dense weight updates, which hinders their use in resource-constrained environments. Low-rank Adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Longteng Zhang , Sen Wu , Shuai Hou , Zhengyu Qing , Zhuo Zheng , Danning Ke , Qihong Lin , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Existing low-rank adaptation (LoRA) methods face challenges on sparse large language models (LLMs) due to the inability to maintain sparsity. Recent works introduced methods that maintain sparsity by augmenting LoRA techniques with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yuxuan Hu , Jing Zhang , Xiaodong Chen , Zhe Zhao , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen