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Collaborative decision making in multi-agent systems typically requires a predefined communication protocol among agents. Usually, agent-level observations are locally processed and information is exchanged using the predefined protocol,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Homagni Saha , Vijay Venkataraman , Alberto Speranzon , Soumik Sarkar

Large language model (LLM) agents perform strongly on short- and mid-horizon tasks, but often break down on long-horizon tasks that require extended, interdependent action sequences. Despite rapid progress in agentic systems, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinyu Jessica Wang , Haoyue Bai , Yiyou Sun , Haorui Wang , Shuibai Zhang , Wenjie Hu , Mya Schroder , Bilge Mutlu , Dawn Song , Robert D Nowak

As foundation models are increasingly deployed as interacting agents in multi-agent systems, their collective behavior raises new challenges for trustworthiness, transparency, and accountability. Traditional coordination mechanisms, such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Brendan Gho , Suman Muppavarapu , Afnan Shaik , Tyson Tsay , Atharva Mohan , James Begin , Kevin Zhu , Archana Vaidheeswaran , Vasu Sharma

Computer-use agents (CUAs) hold promise for automating everyday digital tasks, but their performance on long-horizon, complex problems remains unreliable. Single-rollout execution is brittle, with small errors compounding over time and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Vincent Tu , Chih-Lun Lee , Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Xin Eric Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a powerful framework to overcome the knowledge limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external retrieval with language generation. While early RAG systems based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Jintao Liang , Gang Su , Huifeng Lin , You Wu , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs)-such as factual errors, outdated knowledge, and hallucinations-by dynamically retrieving external information. Recent work extends this paradigm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Stephen Y. Liu , Haizhou Li

Effective asynchronous planning, or the ability to efficiently reason and plan over states and actions that must happen in parallel or sequentially, is essential for agents that must account for time delays, reason over diverse long-horizon…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Gonzalo Gonzalez-Pumariega , Leong Su Yean , Neha Sunkara , Sanjiban Choudhury

Many applications involving complex multi-task problems such as disaster relief, logistics and manufacturing necessitate the deployment and coordination of heterogeneous multi-agent systems due to the sheer number of tasks that must be…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Yousef Emam , Sean Wilson , Mathias Hakenberg , Ulrich Munz , Magnus Egerstedt

Agentic AI systems - systems that can pursue goals through multi-step planning and tool-mediated action with limited direct supervision - are moving from experimental prototypes to enterprise deployments. This transition introduces tensions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Nelly Dux , Cristina Alaimo , Philippe Roussiere , Abhishek Kumar Mishra

AI agents are rapidly expanding in both capability and population: they now write code, operate computers across platforms, manage cloud infrastructure, and make purchasing decisions, while open-source frameworks such as OpenClaw are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xiaohang Nie , Zihan Guo , Kezhuo Yang , Zhichong Zheng , Bochen Ge , Shuai Pan , Zeyi Chen , Youling Xiang , Yu Zhang , Weiwen Liu , Yuanjian Zhou , Weinan Zhang

Large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems have demonstrated remarkable promise for tackling complex tasks by breaking them down into subtasks that are iteratively planned, executed, observed, and refined. Despite their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Enhao Zhang , Erkang Zhu , Gagan Bansal , Adam Fourney , Hussein Mozannar , Jack Gerrits

As language model agents are applied to real world problems of increasing complexity, they will be expected to formulate plans across large search spaces. If those plans fail for reasons beyond their control, how well do language agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Andrew Wang , Sophia Hager , Adi Asija , Daniel Khashabi , Nicholas Andrews

LLM-based web agents show immense promise for information seeking, yet their effectiveness on long-horizon tasks is hindered by a fundamental trade-off in context management. Prevailing ReAct-based agents suffer from context saturation as…

Ad hoc teamwork refers to the problem of enabling an agent to collaborate with teammates without prior coordination. Data-driven methods represent the state of the art in ad hoc teamwork. They use a large labeled dataset of prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Hasra Dodampegama , Mohan Sridharan

Collective learning can be greatly enhanced when agents effectively exchange knowledge with their peers. In particular, recent work studying agents that learn to teach other teammates has demonstrated that action advising accelerates…

The Agentic Service Ecosystem consists of heterogeneous autonomous agents (e.g., intelligent machines, humans, and human-machine hybrid systems) that interact through resource exchange and service co-creation. These agents, with distinct…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuwen Zhang , Xiao Xue , Xia Xie , Qun Ma , Xiangning Yu , Deyu Zhou , Yifan Wang , Ming Zhang

The emergence of AI agents powered by large language models (LLMs) marks a pivotal shift toward the Agentic Web, a new phase of the internet defined by autonomous, goal-driven interactions. In this paradigm, agents interact directly with…

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents excel at general reasoning but often fail in specialized domains where success hinges on long-tail knowledge absent from their training data. While human experts can provide this missing knowledge,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhiming Wang , Jinwei He , Feng Lu

When robots share the same workspace with other intelligent agents (e.g., other robots or humans), they must be able to reason about the behaviors of their neighboring agents while accomplishing the designated tasks. In practice,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Junhong Xu , Durgakant Pushp , Kai Yin , Lantao Liu

Large language model (LLM)-based agents exhibit strong step-by-step reasoning capabilities over short horizons, yet often fail to sustain coherent behavior over long planning horizons. We argue that this failure reflects a fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zehong Wang , Fang Wu , Hongru Wang , Xiangru Tang , Bolian Li , Zhenfei Yin , Yijun Ma , Yiyang Li , Weixiang Sun , Xiusi Chen , Yanfang Ye
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