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Conversational Search (CS) involves retrieving relevant documents from a corpus while considering the conversational context, integrating retrieval with context modeling. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

In-context learning (ICL) has proven to be a significant capability with the advancement of Large Language models (LLMs). By instructing LLMs using few-shot demonstrative examples, ICL enables them to perform a wide range of tasks without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Quanyu Long , Jianda Chen , Wenya Wang , Sinno Jialin Pan

Language models, especially pre-trained large language models, have showcased remarkable abilities as few-shot in-context learners (ICL), adept at adapting to new tasks with just a few demonstrations in the input context. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Yue Liu , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi

Large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for AI, with the key ability of in-context learning (ICL), where they can perform well on unseen tasks based on a brief series of task examples without necessitating any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Zhenmei Shi , Junyi Wei , Zhuoyan Xu , Yingyu Liang

This paper presents several novel findings on the explainability of vision reflection in large multimodal models (LMMs). First, we show that prompting an LMM to verify the prediction of a specialized vision model can improve recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Guoyuan An , JaeYoon Kim , SungEui Yoon

Large language models (LLMs) can learn from a few demonstrations provided at inference time. We study this in-context learning phenomenon through the lens of Gaussian Processes (GPs). We build controlled experiments where models observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Elif Akata , Konstantinos Voudouris , Vincent Fortuin , Eric Schulz

Turn-taking is a fundamental mechanism in human communication that ensures smooth and coherent verbal interactions. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have motivated their use in improving the turn-taking capabilities of Spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Umair , Vasanth Sarathy , JP de Ruiter

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains such as finance, healthcare, and education, where reliable multi-turn interactions with users are essential. However, existing work on confidence estimation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhaohan Zhang , Chengzhengxu Li , Xiaoming Liu , Chao Shen , Ziquan Liu , Ioannis Patras

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks. However, current training approaches combine standard cross-entropy loss with extensive data, human feedback, or ad hoc methods to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Daniele Rege Cambrin , Giuseppe Gallipoli , Irene Benedetto , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Garza

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed both the construction and application of information retrieval (IR) systems. However, current interactions between IR systems and LLMs remain limited, with LLMs merely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Qiaoyu Tang , Jiawei Chen , Zhuoqun Li , Bowen Yu , Yaojie Lu , Cheng Fu , Haiyang Yu , Hongyu Lin , Fei Huang , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Yongbin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention for their exceptional abilities in various natural language processing tasks, but they suffer from hallucinations that will cause performance degradation. One promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Dancheng Liu , Amir Nassereldine , Ziming Yang , Chenhui Xu , Yuting Hu , Jiajie Li , Utkarsh Kumar , Changjae Lee , Ruiyang Qin , Yiyu Shi , Jinjun Xiong

In-context learning (ICL) facilitates Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibiting emergent ability on downstream tasks without updating billions of parameters. However, in the area of multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), two problems…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jun Gao , Qian Qiao , Ziqiang Cao , Zili Wang , Wenjie Li

Instruction-following is a critical capability of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing works primarily focus on assessing how well LLMs adhere to user instructions, they often overlook scenarios where instructions contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xingwei He , Qianru Zhang , Pengfei Chen , Guanhua Chen , Linlin Yu , Yuan Yuan , Siu-Ming Yiu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have opened new perspectives for automation in optimization. While several studies have explored how LLMs can generate or solve optimization models, far less is understood about what these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Francesca Da Ros , Luca Di Gaspero , Kevin Roitero

Cross-lingual in-context learning (XICL) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to tackle multilingual tasks, especially for low-resource languages. However, existing approaches often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mateo Alejandro Rojas , Rafael Carranza

Large language models (LLMs) recently exhibited remarkable reasoning capabilities on solving math problems. To further improve their reasoning capabilities, this work explores whether LLMs can LEarn from MistAkes (LEMA), akin to the human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shengnan An , Zexiong Ma , Zeqi Lin , Nanning Zheng , Jian-Guang Lou , Weizhu Chen

Learning paradigms for large language models (LLMs) currently tend to fall within either in-context learning (ICL) or full fine-tuning. Each of these comes with their own trade-offs based on available data, model size, compute cost,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Xinyi Wang , John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark

Recent trends in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) research have been increasingly focusing on advancing beyond general image understanding towards more nuanced, object-level referential comprehension. In this paper, we present and delve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Tongtian Yue , Jie Cheng , Longteng Guo , Xingyuan Dai , Zijia Zhao , Xingjian He , Gang Xiong , Yisheng Lv , Jing Liu

State-of-the-art Vision-Language Models (VLMs) ground the vision and the language modality primarily via projecting the vision tokens from the encoder to language-like tokens, which are directly fed to the Large Language Model (LLM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sivan Doveh , Shaked Perek , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Wei Lin , Amit Alfassy , Assaf Arbelle , Shimon Ullman , Leonid Karlinsky

Accurate multi-turn intent classification is essential for advancing conversational AI systems. However, challenges such as the scarcity of comprehensive datasets and the complexity of contextual dependencies across dialogue turns hinder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Junhua Liu , Yong Keat Tan , Bin Fu , Kwan Hui Lim
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