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Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is pivotal for deploying safe vision systems in open-world environments. We revisit diffusion models, not as generators, but as universal perceptual templates for OOD detection. This research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lemar Abdi , Amaan Valiuddin , Francisco Caetano , Christiaan Viviers , Fons van der Sommen

Applying machine learning to real-world medical data, e.g. from hospital archives, has the potential to revolutionize disease detection in brain images. However, detecting pathology in such heterogeneous cohorts is a difficult challenge.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Ana Lawry Aguila , Ayodeji Ijishakin , Juan Eugenio Iglesias , Tomomi Takenaga , Yukihiro Nomura , Takeharu Yoshikawa , Osamu Abe , Shouhei Hanaoka

While conditional diffusion models are known to have good coverage of the data distribution, they still face limitations in output diversity, particularly when sampled with a high classifier-free guidance scale for optimal image quality or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Seyedmorteza Sadat , Jakob Buhmann , Derek Bradley , Otmar Hilliges , Romann M. Weber

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) is a key ingredient of automated visual inspection in modern manufacturing. The reconstruction-based methods appeal because they have basic architectural design and they process data quickly but they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dmytro Filatov , Valentyn Fedorov , Vira Filatova , Andrii Zelenchuk

Anomaly Detection (AD) in images is a fundamental computer vision problem and refers to identifying images and image substructures that deviate significantly from the norm. Popular AD algorithms commonly try to learn a model of normality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Oliver Rippel , Patrick Mertens , Dorit Merhof

Diffusion Probabilistic Field (DPF) models the distribution of continuous functions defined over metric spaces. While DPF shows great potential for unifying data generation of various modalities including images, videos, and 3D geometry, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Kangfu Mei , Mo Zhou , Vishal M. Patel

Conditional diffusion probabilistic models can model the distribution of natural images and can generate diverse and realistic samples based on given conditions. However, oftentimes their results can be unrealistic with observable color…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Kangfu Mei , Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Vishal M. Patel

Discriminative classifiers have become a foundational tool in deep learning for medical imaging, excelling at learning separable features of complex data distributions. However, these models often need careful design, augmentation, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gian Mario Favero , Parham Saremi , Emily Kaczmarek , Brennan Nichyporuk , Tal Arbel

Time series anomaly detection holds notable importance for risk identification and fault detection across diverse application domains. Unsupervised learning methods have become popular because they have no requirement for labels. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Wenxin Zhang , Xiaojian Lin , Wenjun Yu , Guangzhen Yao , jingxiang Zhong , Yu Li , Renda Han , Songcheng Xu , Hao Shi , Cuicui Luo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task in machine learning that seeks to identify abnormal samples. Traditionally, unsupervised methods utilize a deep generative model for OOD detection. However, such approaches require a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Alvin Heng , Alexandre H. Thiery , Harold Soh

Explainable anomaly detection methods often have the capability to identify and spatially localise anomalies within an image but lack the capability to differentiate the type of anomaly. Furthermore, they often require the costly training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Alex George , Lyudmila Mihaylova , Sean Anderson

Domain generalization (DG) for object detection aims to enhance detectors' performance in unseen scenarios. This task remains challenging due to complex variations in real-world applications. Recently, diffusion models have demonstrated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Boyong He , Yuxiang Ji , Qianwen Ye , Zhuoyue Tan , Liaoni Wu

Anomaly detection (AD) plays an important role in numerous applications. We focus on two understudied aspects of AD that are critical for integration into real-world applications. First, most AD methods cannot incorporate labeled data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Chun-Hao Chang , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Arik , Madeleine Udell , Tomas Pfister

Unsupervised anomaly detection in brain images is crucial for identifying injuries and pathologies without access to labels. However, the accurate localization of anomalies in medical images remains challenging due to the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Farzad Beizaee , Gregory Lodygensky , Christian Desrosiers , Jose Dolz

Anomaly detection is an emerging approach in digital pathology for its ability to efficiently and effectively utilize data for disease diagnosis. While supervised learning approaches deliver high accuracy, they rely on extensively annotated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Jiamu Wang , Keunho Byeon , Jinsol Song , Anh Nguyen , Sangjeong Ahn , Sung Hak Lee , Jin Tae Kwak

High-quality reconstruction of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) fields is critical for Atmosphere monitoring, yet current models remain constrained by the scarcity of complete training data and a lack of uncertainty quantification.To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Linhao Fan , Hongqiang Fang , Jingyang Dai , Yong Jiang , Qixing Zhang

The class-conditional image generation based on diffusion models is renowned for generating high-quality and diverse images. However, most prior efforts focus on generating images for general categories, e.g., 1000 classes in ImageNet-1k. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Ziying Pan , Kun Wang , Gang Li , Feihong He , Yongxuan Lai

Effectively addressing the challenge of industrial Anomaly Detection (AD) necessitates an ample supply of defective samples, a constraint often hindered by their scarcity in industrial contexts. This paper introduces a novel algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Hanxi Li , Zhengxun Zhang , Hao Chen , Lin Wu , Bo Li , Deyin Liu , Mingwen Wang

The essence of unsupervised anomaly detection is to learn the compact distribution of normal samples and detect outliers as anomalies in testing. Meanwhile, the anomalies in real-world are usually subtle and fine-grained in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ye Zheng , Xiang Wang , Rui Deng , Tianpeng Bao , Rui Zhao , Liwei Wu

Achieving robust generalization against unseen attacks remains a challenge in Audio Deepfake Detection (ADD), driven by the rapid evolution of generative models. To address this, we propose a framework centered on hard sample…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Bo Cheng , Songjun Cao , Xiaoming Zhang , Jie Chen , Long Ma , Fei Chen
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