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Recent studies highlighted a practical setting of unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) that builds a unified model for multi-class images. Despite various advancements addressing this challenging task, the detection performance under the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jia Guo , Shuai Lu , Weihang Zhang , Fang Chen , Huiqi Li , Hongen Liao

Visual anomaly inspection is critical in manufacturing, yet hampered by the scarcity of real anomaly samples for training robust detectors. Synthetic data generation presents a viable strategy for data augmentation; however, current methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Linchun Wu , Qin Zou , Xianbiao Qi , Bo Du , Zhongyuan Wang , Qingquan Li

Reconstruction-based anomaly detection models achieve their purpose by suppressing the generalization ability for anomaly. However, diverse normal patterns are consequently not well reconstructed as well. Although some efforts have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Wenrui Liu , Hong Chang , Bingpeng Ma , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

3D Anomaly Detection (AD) is a promising means of controlling the quality of manufactured products. However, existing methods typically require carefully training a task-specific model for each category independently, leading to high cost,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiayi Cheng , Can Gao , Jie Zhou , Jiajun Wen , Tao Dai , Jinbao Wang

This paper explores the utility of diffusion-based models for anomaly detection, focusing on their efficacy in identifying deviations in both compact and high-resolution datasets. Diffusion-based architectures, including Denoising Diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Aryan Bhosale , Samrat Mukherjee , Biplab Banerjee , Fabio Cuzzolin

Anomaly detection (AD) is the machine learning task of identifying highly discrepant abnormal samples by solely relying on the consistency of the normal training samples. Under the constraints of a distribution shift, the assumption that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 João B. S. Carvalho , Mengtao Zhang , Robin Geyer , Carlos Cotrini , Joachim M. Buhmann

Industrial defect detection systems face critical limitations when confined to one-class anomaly detection paradigms, which assume uniform outlier distributions and struggle with data scarcity in real-world manufacturing environments. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Muhammad Aqeel , Federico Leonardi , Francesco Setti

In the context of flexible manufacturing systems that are required to produce different types and quantities of products with minimal reconfiguration, this paper addresses the problem of unsupervised multi-class anomaly detection: develop a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Haonan Yin , Guanlong Jiao , Qianhui Wu , Borje F. Karlsson , Biqing Huang , Chin Yew Lin

The core challenge in unsupervised anomaly detection is identifying abnormal patterns without prior knowledge of their characteristics. While existing methods have addressed aspects of this problem, they often struggle to learn a robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Prithul Sarker , Sushmita Sarker , Nicholas G. Murray , Alireza Tavakkoli

3D anomaly detection targets the detection and localization of defects in 3D point clouds trained solely on normal data. While a unified model improves scalability by learning across multiple categories, it often suffers from Inter-Category…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 SuYeon Kim , Wongyu Lee , MyeongAh Cho

The introduction of diffusion models in anomaly detection has paved the way for more effective and accurate image reconstruction in pathologies. However, the current limitations in controlling noise granularity hinder diffusion models'…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Cosmin I. Bercea , Michael Neumayr , Daniel Rueckert , Julia A. Schnabel

One pivot challenge for image anomaly (AD) detection is to learn discriminative information only from normal class training images. Most image reconstruction based AD methods rely on the discriminative capability of reconstruction error.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Dongyun Lin , Yiqun Li , Shudong Xie , Tin Lay Nwe , Sheng Dong

Diffusion models have found valuable applications in anomaly detection by capturing the nominal data distribution and identifying anomalies via reconstruction. Despite their merits, they struggle to localize anomalies of varying scales,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Justin Tebbe , Jawad Tayyub

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to improve the reliability of machine learning models by detecting samples that do not belong to the training distribution. Detecting OOD samples effectively in certain tasks can pose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Divyanshu Mishra , He Zhao , Pramit Saha , Aris T. Papageorghiou , J. Alison Noble

Conventional unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) methods build separate models for each object category. Recent studies have proposed to train a unified model for multiple classes, namely model-unified UAD. However, such methods still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Jia Guo , Haonan Han , Shuai Lu , Weihang Zhang , Huiqi Li

The application of supervised models to clinical screening tasks is challenging due to the need for annotated data for each considered pathology. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) is an alternative approach that aims to identify any…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-24 Finn Behrendt , Debayan Bhattacharya , Robin Mieling , Lennart Maack , Julia Krüger , Roland Opfer , Alexander Schlaefer

Anomaly segmentation aims to identify Out-of-Distribution (OoD) anomalous objects within images. Existing pixel-wise methods typically assign anomaly scores individually and employ a global thresholding strategy to segment anomalies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuxing Liu , Ji Zhang , Zhou Xuchuan , Jingzhong Xiao , Huimin Yang , Jiaxin Zhong

In this paper, we address the problem of class-generalizable anomaly detection, where the objective is to develop a unified model by focusing our learning on the available normal data and a small amount of anomaly data in order to detect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Padmaksha Roy , Lamine Mili , Almuatazbellah Boker

Universal anomaly detection still remains a challenging problem in machine learning and medical image analysis. It is possible to learn an expected distribution from a single class of normative samples, e.g., through epistemic uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Johanna P. Müller , Matthew Baugh , Jeremy Tan , Mischa Dombrowski , Bernhard Kainz

Tables are an abundant form of data with use cases across all scientific fields. Real-world datasets often contain anomalous samples that can negatively affect downstream analysis. In this work, we only assume access to contaminated data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Guy Zamberg , Moshe Salhov , Ofir Lindenbaum , Amir Averbuch