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Landauer's Principle relates entropy decrease and heat dissipation during logically irreversible processes. Most theoretical justifications of Landauer's Principle either use thermodynamic reasoning or rely on specific models based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-14 David Reeb , Michael M. Wolf

Since reversible computing requires preservation of all information throughout the entire computational process, this implies that all errors that appear as a result of the interaction of the information-carrying system with uncontrolled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lev B. Levitin , Tommaso Toffoli

Landauer's principle imposes a fundamental limit on the energy cost to perfectly initialize a classical bit, which is only reached under the ideal operation with infinite-long time. The question on the cost in the practical operation for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-15 Yu-Han Ma , Jin-Fu Chen , C. P. Sun , Hui Dong

The Landauer principle establishes a fundamental lower bound on the energetic cost of the erasure of a one-bit memory in thermal equilibrium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate how this bound can be effectively circumvented by introducing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-24 Salambô Dago , Ludovic Bellon

Landauer's Principle that information loss from a computation implies entropy increase can be rigorously proved from mathematical physics. However, carefully examining its detailed formulation reveals that the traditional identification of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Michael P. Frank

An important step to incorporate information in the second law of thermodynamics was done by Landauer, showing that the erasure of information implies an increase in heat. Most attempts to justify Landauer's erasure principle are based on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-04 Xavier Oriols , Hrvoje Nikolić

A basic task of information processing is information transfer (flow). Here we study a pair of Brownian particles each coupled to a thermal bath at temperature $T_1$ and $T_2$, respectively. The information flow in such a system is defined…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Dominik Janzing , Guenter Mahler

Accurate information processing is crucial both in technology and in nature. To achieve it, any information processing system needs an initial supply of resources away from thermal equilibrium. Here we establish a fundamental limit on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-14 Giulio Chiribella , Fei Meng , Renato Renner , Man-Hong Yung

Computational complexity is a particularly important objective. The idea of Landauer principle was extended through mapping three classic problems (sorting,ordered searching and max of N unordered numbers) into Maxwell demon thought…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-04 Feng Pan , Heng-liang Zhang , Qi Jie

The minimum heat cost of computation is subject to bounds arising from Landauer's principle. Here, I derive bounds on finite modelling -- the production or anticipation of patterns (time-series data) -- by devices that model the pattern in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-21 Andrew J. P. Garner

Time irreversibility in neuronal dynamics has recently been demonstrated to correlate with various indicators of cognitive effort in living systems. Using Landauer's principle, which posits that time-irreversible information processing…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-24 Michele Vodret

One of the major resource requirements of computers - ranging from biological cells to human brains to high-performance (engineered) computers - is the energy used to run them. Those costs of performing a computation have long been a focus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-06 David H. Wolpert

Energy costs of information processing are growing exponentially. Bit erasure is a key problem in this energy-information nexus, and a number of seminal relationships have been deduced regarding the relationship between thermodynamic costs…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-16 Songela W. Chen , David T. Limmer

Conventional computing has many sources of heat dissipation, but one of these--the Landauer limit--poses a fundamental lower bound of 1 bit of entropy per bit erased. 'Reversible Computing' avoids this source of dissipation, but is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Hannah Earley

Landauer's erasure principle exposes an intrinsic relation between thermodynamics and information theory: the erasure of information stored in a system, S, requires an amount of work proportional to the entropy of that system. This entropy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Lídia del Rio , Johan Aberg , Renato Renner , Oscar Dahlsten , Vlatko Vedral

Thermodynamic cost of communication is a major factor in the thermodynamic cost of real-world computers, both biological and digital. Despite its importance, the fundamental principles underlying this cost remain poorly understood. This…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-29 Abhishek Yadav , David Wolpert

Landauer's principle gives a fundamental limit to the thermodynamic cost of erasing information. Its saturation requires a reversible isothermal process, and hence infinite time. We develop a finite-time version of Landauer's principle for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Alberto Rolandi , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

We discuss some features of thermodynamics in the presence of multiple conserved quantities. We prove a generalisation of Landauer principle illustrating tradeoffs between the erasure costs paid in different "currencies". We then show how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-10 Matteo Lostaglio , David Jennings , Terry Rudolph

We recapitulate the Bayesian formulation of neural network based classifiers and show that, while sampling from the posterior does indeed lead to better generalisation than is obtained by standard optimisation of the cost function, even…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-09 Robert J. N. Baldock , Nicola Marzari

The heat dissipation in quantum metrology represents not only an unavoidable problem towards practical applications of quantum sensing devices but also a fundamental relationship between thermodynamics and quantum metrology. However, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-02 Yaoming Chu , Jianming Cai