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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly excelling and outpacing human performance on many tasks. However, to improve LLM reasoning, researchers either rely on ad-hoc generated datasets or formal mathematical proof systems such as the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Nikolaus Holzer , William Fishell , Baishakhi Ray , Mark Santolucito

Large Language Models are increasingly being considered for deployment in safety-critical military applications. However, current benchmarks suffer from structural blindspots that systematically overestimate model capabilities in real-world…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang , Yuchong Xie , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely documented to be sensitive to minor prompt perturbations and prone to sycophantic alignment, their robustness in consequential, rule-bound decision-making remains under-explored. We uncover a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jon Chun , Katherine Elkins

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved high accuracy on medical question-answer (QA) benchmarks, yet their capacity for flexible clinical reasoning has been debated. Here, we asked whether advances in reasoning LLMs improve their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kie Shidara , Preethi Prem , Jonathan Kim , Anna Podlasek , Feng Liu , Ahmed Alaa , Danilo Bernardo

Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) compliance assessment demands dynamic real-time decision-making under complicated regulations and complex human-machine-environment interactions. While large language models (LLMs) hold significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jianwei Wang , Mengqi Wang , Yinsi Zhou , Zhenchang Xing , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Wenjie Zhang , Liming Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted across diverse domains of software engineering, such as code generation, program repair, and vulnerability detection. These applications require understanding beyond surface-level code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Danning Xie , Mingwei Zheng , Xuwei Liu , Jiannan Wang , Chengpeng Wang , Lin Tan , Xiangyu Zhang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results in complex reasoning tasks. However, current evaluations predominantly focus on single-turn reasoning scenarios, leaving interactive tasks largely unexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xiaoyuan Li , Keqin Bao , Yubo Ma , Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Rui Men , Yichang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Dayiheng Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in image understanding and generation. However, current benchmarks fail to accurately evaluate the chart comprehension of MLLMs due to limited chart types and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhengzhuo Xu , Sinan Du , Yiyan Qi , Chengjin Xu , Chun Yuan , Jian Guo

Autonomous driving requires reliable perception and safe decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate reasoning and generalization abilities, opening new possibilities for autonomous driving;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zecong Tang , Zixu Wang , Yifei Wang , Weitong Lian , Tianjian Gao , Haoran Li , Tengju Ru , Lingyi Meng , Zhejun Cui , Yichen Zhu , Qi Kang , Kaixuan Wang , Yu Zhang

Navigating dilemmas involving conflicting values is challenging even for humans in high-stakes domains, let alone for AI, yet prior work has been limited to everyday scenarios. To close this gap, we introduce CLASH (Character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ayoung Lee , Ryan Sungmo Kwon , Peter Railton , Lu Wang

Logic provides a controlled testbed for evaluating LLM-based reasoners, yet standard SAT-style benchmarks often conflate surface difficulty (length, wording, clause order) with the structural phenomena that actually determine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Naïm Es-sebbani , Esteban Marquer , Yakoub Salhi , Zied Bouraoui

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as judges of chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, but it remains unclear whether they can reliably assess process faithfulness rather than just answer plausibility. We introduce C2-Faith, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Avni Mittal , Rauno Arike

LLM failures in causal reasoning, including sycophancy, rung collapse, and miscalibrated refusal, are well-documented, yet progress on remediation is slow because no benchmark enables systematic diagnosis. We introduce CausalT5K, a…

Existing tabular reasoning benchmarks mostly test models on small, uniform tables, underrepresenting the complexity of real-world data and giving an incomplete view of Large Language Models' (LLMs) reasoning abilities. Real tables are long,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nikhil Abhyankar , Purvi Chaurasia , Sanchit Kabra , Ananya Srivastava , Vivek Gupta , Chandan K. Reddy

Large language models (LLMs) have mastered abundant simple and explicit commonsense knowledge through pre-training, enabling them to achieve human-like performance in simple commonsense reasoning. Nevertheless, LLMs struggle to reason with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Yuxiong Yan , Li Du , Yufei Zhang , Jinglong Gao , Jiaqian Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Understanding how data moves, transforms, and persists, known as data flow, is fundamental to reasoning in procedural tasks. Despite their fluency in natural and programming languages, large language models (LLMs), although increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vishal Pallagani , Nitin Gupta , John Aydin , Biplav Srivastava

Reasoning with complex, context-specific rules remains challenging for large language models (LLMs). In legal and policy settings, this manifests as deontic reasoning: reasoning about obligations, permissions, and prohibitions under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Guangyao Dou , Luis Brena , Akhil Deo , William Jurayj , Jingyu Zhang , Nils Holzenberger , Benjamin Van Durme

Large language models (LLMs) achieve impressive performance on complex mathematical benchmarks yet sometimes fail on basic math reasoning while generating unnecessarily verbose responses. In this paper, we present LLMThinkBench, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Sriram Srinivasan , Xuan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in manipulating natural language across multiple applications, but their ability to handle simple reasoning tasks is often questioned. In this work, we aim to provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Alessandro Raganato , Rafael Peñaloza , Marco Viviani , Gabriella Pasi

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), multidimensional evaluation has become increasingly critical. However, current evaluations are often domain-specific and overly complex, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haitao Wu , Zongbo Han , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Huaxi Huang , Changqing Zhang