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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, operating within the widely used 2.4 GHz ISM band, stands as a cornerstone in modern wireless communication frameworks alongside its classic Bluetooth counterpart. This paper delves into the…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is widely used in modern IoT systems because it consumes very little power, saves energy, and allows for simple device connectivity; however, maintaining security and communication reliability remains a challenge.…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is widely used in IoT systems because of its low power consumption, interoperability, and reliable bidirectional communication. However, its connection-oriented architecture introduces trade-offs among wake-up…
The use of Bluetooth Low Energy in low-range Internet of Things systems is growing exponentially. Similar to other wireless communication protocols, throughput and reliability are two key performance metrics in Bluetooth Low Energy…
Wireless connectivity for the Internet of Things (IoT) requires combining low latency and high reliability with power and cost constraints. On top of that, diverse applications and end-to-end services with very different performance…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices have become very popular because of their Low energy consumption and hence a prolonged battery life. They are being used in smart wearable devices, smart home automation system, beacons and many more…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a de-facto technology for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, promising very low energy consumption. However, this low energy consumption accounts only for the radio part, and it overlooks the energy…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has been widely adopted in wearable devices; however, it has not been widely used in ingestible electronics, primarily due to concerns regarding severe tissue attenuation at the 2.4 GHz band. In this work, we…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is an emerging wireless technology created for short-range control and monitoring applications that is becoming increasingly widespread among the Internet of Things (IoT) services because of its low-cost and…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless protocol well suited for ultra-low-power sensors running on small batteries. BLE is described as a new protocol in the official Bluetooth 4.0 specification. To design energy-efficient devices, the…
The widespread adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is limited by their reliance on batteries with presently low energy and power densities compared to liquid fuels and are subject to aging and performance deterioration over time. For this…
Bluetooth Low Energy systems are one of the most popular solutions used for indoor localization. Unfortunately their accuracy might not be sufficient for some of the applications. One way to reduce localization errors is hybrid positioning,…
The Internet of Things helps to have every individual interconnected with their surroundings and to interact with them through smart devices. In recent years, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology has become very popular in smart…
Recent years have seen major innovations in developing energy-efficient wireless technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for Internet of Things (IoT). Despite demonstrating significant benefits in providing low power transmission…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) backscatter is a promising candidate for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Unlike existing commodity-level BLE backscatter systems that only enable one-shot communication through BLE advertising…
Smart factories leverage advanced technologies to optimize manufacturing processes and enhance efficiency. Implementing worker tracking systems, primarily through camera-based methods, ensures accurate monitoring. However, concerns about…
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the key enablers for low-power and low-cost applications in consumer electronics and the Internet of Things. The latest features such as audio and direction finding will introduce more and more devices…
The process of contact tracing to reduce the spread of highly infectious and life-threatening diseases has traditionally been a primarily manual process managed by public health entities. This process becomes challenged when faced with a…
Clock synchronization is highly desirable in distributed systems, including many applications in the Internet of Things and Humans (IoTH). It improves the efficiency, modularity and scalability of the system, and optimizes use of event…
The sustainable design of Internet of Things (IoT) networks encompasses considerations related to energy efficiency and autonomy as well as considerations related to reliable communications, ensuring no energy is wasted on undelivered data.…