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Generative AI has ushered in the ability to generate content that closely mimics human contributions, introducing an unprecedented threat: Deployed en masse, these models can be used to manipulate public opinion and distort perceptions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Anirban Mukherjee

The growing accessibility of Large Language Models via conversational interfaces capable of responding to users' questions by drawing on, synthesizing, and citing information from the web (i.e., Generative Search Engines) has simplified the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Mowafak Allaham , Nicholas Diakopoulos

Deep research systems powered by LLM agents have transformed complex information seeking by automating the iterative retrieval, filtering, and synthesis of insights from massive-scale web sources. However, existing systems predominantly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Bo Pan , Lunke Pan , Yitao Zhou , Qi Jiang , Zhen Wen , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have shown improved performance in generating accurate responses. However, the dependence on external knowledge bases introduces potential security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zhiyuan Chang , Mingyang Li , Xiaojun Jia , Junjie Wang , Yuekai Huang , Ziyou Jiang , Yang Liu , Qing Wang

Large language models (LLMs)-powered AI agents exhibit a high level of autonomy in addressing medical and healthcare challenges. With the ability to access various tools, they can operate within an open-ended action space. However, with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jianing Qiu , Lin Li , Jiankai Sun , Hao Wei , Zhe Xu , Kyle Lam , Wu Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed human-machine interaction since ChatGPT's 2022 debut, with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) emerging as a key framework that enhances LLM outputs by integrating external knowledge. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alberto Castagnaro , Umberto Salviati , Mauro Conti , Luca Pajola , Simeone Pizzi

Autonomous browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate web-based tasks. However, their reliance on dynamic content, tool execution, and user-provided data exposes them to a broad attack surface.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Mykyta Mudryi , Markiyan Chaklosh , Grzegorz Wójcik

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive natural language processing abilities but face challenges such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a state-of-the-art…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Baolei Zhang , Yuxi Chen , Zhuqing Liu , Lihai Nie , Tong Li , Zheli Liu , Minghong Fang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are widely deployed in real-world applications in diverse domains such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. However, many studies showed that they are vulnerable to knowledge corruption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Runpeng Geng , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Jinyuan Jia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate LLM hallucinations and enhance their performance in knowledge-intensive domains. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial poisoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhengxin Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Deep research tools are among the most impactful and most commonly encountered agentic systems today. We observe, however, that each deep research agent introduced so far is hard-coded to carry out a particular research strategy using a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Peter Belcak , Pavlo Molchanov

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the dominant architectural pattern to operationalize Large Language Model (LLM) usage in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) systems. However, this design is susceptible to poisoning attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Austin Jia , Avaneesh Ramesh , Zain Shamsi , Daniel Zhang , Alex Liu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems put more and more emphasis on grounding their responses in user-generated content found on the Web, amplifying both their usefulness and their attack surface. Most notably, indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Haoze Guo , Ziqi Wei

With the rapid advancement of tool-use capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is shifting from static, one-shot retrieval toward autonomous, multi-turn evidence acquisition. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Zhanli Li , Huiwen Tian , Lvzhou Luo , Yixuan Cao , Ping Luo

Language agents are rapidly expanding from single-user assistants to multi-user collaborators in shared workspaces and groups. However, today's language models lack a mechanism for isolating user interactions and concurrent tasks, creating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Atharv Singh Patlan , Peiyao Sheng , S. Ashwin Hebbar , Prateek Mittal , Pramod Viswanath

Deep research has emerged as an important task that aims to address hard queries through extensive open-web exploration. To tackle it, most prior work equips large language model (LLM)-based agents with opaque web search APIs, enabling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Chuan Meng , Litu Ou , Sean MacAvaney , Jeff Dalton

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, in which an adversary inserts malicious documents containing carefully crafted injected prompts into the knowledge database. When a user issues a question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Weifei Jin , Xilong Wang , Wei Zou , Jinyuan Jia , Neil Gong

Deep Research Agents are a prominent category of LLM-based agents. By autonomously orchestrating multistep web exploration, targeted retrieval, and higher-order synthesis, they transform vast amounts of online information into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mingxuan Du , Benfeng Xu , Chiwei Zhu , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

Agent-compiled knowledge bases provide persistent external knowledge for large language model (LLM) agents in open-ended, knowledge-intensive downstream tasks. Yet their quality is systematically limited by \emph{incompleteness},…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haoyu Huang , Jiaxin Bai , Shujie Liu , Yang Wei , Hong Ting Tsang , Yisen Gao , Zhongwei Xie , Yufei Li , Yangqiu Song

Various attack methods against recommender systems have been proposed in the past years, and the security issues of recommender systems have drawn considerable attention. Traditional attacks attempt to make target items recommended to as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dazhong Rong , Qinming He , Jianhai Chen