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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have significantly advanced the capabilities of robotic agents in executing diverse tasks; however, they still face challenges in contact-rich manipulation scenarios that require precise physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoqi Li , Muhe Cai , Jiadong Xu , Juan Zhu , Hongwei Fan , Yan Shen , Guangrui Ren , Hao Dong

Amid growing efforts to leverage advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) for robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently gained significant attention. By unifying vision, language, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kento Kawaharazuka , Jihoon Oh , Jun Yamada , Ingmar Posner , Yuke Zhu

Vision Language Action (VLA) models represent a transformative shift in robotics, with the aim of unifying visual perception, natural language understanding, and embodied control within a single learning framework. This review presents a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Muhayy Ud Din , Waseem Akram , Lyes Saad Saoud , Jan Rosell , Irfan Hussain

Robotic manipulation in 3D requires effective computation of N degree-of-freedom joint-space trajectories that enable precise and robust control. To achieve this, robots must integrate semantic understanding with visual perception to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vineet Bhat , Yu-Hsiang Lan , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically treat the deepest representation of a vision-language backbone as universally optimal for action prediction. However, robotic manipulation is composed of many frequent closed-loop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Boyang Shen , Kaixiang Yang , Hao Wang , Qiuyu Yu , Qiang Xie , Qiang Li , Zhiwei Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have shown remarkable achievements, driven by the rich implicit knowledge of their vision-language components. However, achieving generalist robotic agents demands precise grounding into physical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jialei Huang , Shuo Wang , Fanqi Lin , Yihang Hu , Chuan Wen , Yang Gao

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by leveraging pre-trained vision-language representations. However, current VLA training methods suffer from two critical limitations: poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruofan Jin , Zaixi Zhang

While Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models generalize well to generic instructions, they struggle with personalized commands such as "bring my cup," where the robot must act on one specific instance among visually similar objects. We study…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Sangoh Lee , Sangwoo Mo , Wook-Shin Han

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models built upon pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved significant improvements in robotic manipulation. However, current VLAs still suffer from low sample efficiency and limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shangchen Miao , Ningya Feng , Jialong Wu , Ye Lin , Xu He , Dong Li , Mingsheng Long

Traditional autonomous vehicle pipelines that follow a modular approach have been very successful in the past both in academia and industry, which has led to autonomy deployed on road. Though this approach provides ease of interpretation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Tanmay Agarwal , Hitesh Arora , Jeff Schneider

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a promising approach to address the data scarcity challenge in robotics, enabling the development of generalizable visuomotor control policies. While models like OpenVLA showcase the potential…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models demonstrate remarkable potential for generalizable robotic manipulation. The execution of complex multi-step behaviors in VLA models can be improved by robust instruction grounding, a critical component…

Prevalent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are typically built upon Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and demonstrate exceptional proficiency in semantic understanding, but they inherently lack the capability to deduce physical…

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry is accelerating the shift from traditional automation to intelligent systems with perception and cognition. Vision language-action (VLA) models have been a key paradigm in AI to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shuai Li , Chen Yizhe , Li Dong , Liu Sichao , Lan Dapeng , Liu Yu , Zhibo Pang

Executing language-conditioned tasks in dynamic visual environments remains a central challenge in embodied AI. Existing Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly adopt reactive state-to-action mappings, often leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qi Lv , Weijie Kong , Hao Li , Jia Zeng , Zherui Qiu , Delin Qu , Haoming Song , Qizhi Chen , Xiang Deng , Jiangmiao Pang

In robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models that integrate diverse multimodal signals from multi-view inputs have emerged as an effective approach. However, most prior work adopts static fusion that processes all visual inputs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Young-Chae Son , Jung-Woo Lee , Yoon-Ji Choi , Dae-Kwan Ko , Soo-Chul Lim

Recent advances in robot manipulation have leveraged pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) and explored integrating 3D spatial signals into these models for effective action prediction, giving rise to the promising…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenyang Liu , Yongchong Gu , Yikai Wang , Xiangyang Xue , Yanwei Fu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models integrate visual perception, language understanding, and action decision-making for cross-modal semantic alignment, exhibiting broad application potential. However, the joint processing of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Chuhang Liu , Yayun He , Zuheng Kang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models provide strong action priors for robotic manipulation, but their reactive behavior can fail under distribution shift and long-horizon task structure. Recent VLA-guided planning methods improve execution…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ke Ren , Ali Salamatian , Kieran Pattison , Cyrus Neary

3D affordance grounding aims to highlight the actionable regions on 3D objects, which is crucial for robotic manipulation. Previous research primarily focused on learning affordance knowledge from static cues such as language and images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Hanqing Wang , Mingyu Liu , Xiaoyu Chen , Chengwei MA , Yiming Zhong , Wenti Yin , Yuhao Liu , Zhiqing Cui , Jiahao Yuan , Lu Dai , Zhiyuan Ma , Hui Xiong