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Breaking inversion symmetry in solids plays a central role in nonlinear optics because it can change material properties, such as producing even-order nonlinear optical (NLO) effects. Although a centrosymmetric diamond has been developed as…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-21 Aizitiaili Abulikemu , Yuta Kainuma , Toshu An , Muneaki Hase

Thermotropic liquid crystals are versatile optical materials that exhibit a state of matter intermediate between liquids and solids. Their properties can change significantly with temperature, pressure, or other external factors, leading to…

Heavily doped semiconductors have emerged as tunable low-loss plasmonic materials at mid-infrared frequencies. In this article we investigate nonlinear optical phenomena associated with high concentration of free electrons. We use a…

Optics · Physics 2021-03-17 Federico De Luca , Michele Ortolani , Cristian Ciracì

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear parametric process that doubles the frequency of incoming light. Only allowed in non-centrosymmetric materials, it has been widely used in frequency modulation of lasers, surface…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-01-05 Wontaek Kim , Je Yhoung Ahn , Juseung Oh , Ji Hoon Shim , Sunmin Ryu

We investigated emission and propagation of polaritons in a two dimensional van der Waals material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Our specific emphasis in this work is on hyperbolic phonon polariton emission that we investigated by means of…

We establish a steady-state theory for nonlinear optical conductivity in pseudo-Hermitian systems. We derive compact formulas for the first and second order conductivity tensors in both the velocity and length gauges and prove their exact…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 S. Sajad Dabiri , Reza Asgari

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field…

We show that the lack of inversion symmetry in monolayer MoS2 allows strong optical second harmonic generation. Second harmonic of an 810-nm pulse is generated in a mechanically exfoliated monolayer, with a nonlinear susceptibility on the…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-15 Nardeep Kumar , Sina Najmaei , Qiannan Cui , Frank Ceballos , Pulickel M. Ajayan , Jun Lou , Hui Zhao

Second-order nonlinear optical materials enable frequency doubling of light (second-harmonic generation, SHG), which is essential for optoelectronic applications ranging from materials characterization to quantum technologies. However,…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-25 Aubrey G. J. Nyiri , Michael J. Waters , James M. Rondinelli

Monolayers of transition metal dichacogenides show strong second-order nonlinearity and symmetry-driven selection rules from their three-fold lattice symmetry. This process resembles the valley-contrasting selection rules for…

Using symmetry arguments we show how optical second harmonic generation (SHG) can be used to detect antiferromagnetism at surfaces and in thin films. Based on the group theoretical analysis of the nonlinear electric susceptibility we…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Daehn , W. Huebner , K. H. Bennemann

A comparative experimental investigation of the dependence of second harmonic generation (SHG) on applied external voltage between the standard nematic liquid crystalline material and an analogue ferromagnetic nematic liquid crystalline…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-09-30 Jure Brence , Luka Cmok , Nerea Sebastian , Alenka Mertelj , Darja Lisjak , Irena Drevensek-Olenik

Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) present high second-order optical nonlinearity, which is extremely desirable for, e.g., frequency conversion in nonlinear photonic devices. On the other hand, the atomic thickness of 2D…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-17 Pilar G. Vianna , Aline dos S. Almeida , Rodrigo M. Gerosa , Dario A. Bahamon , Christiano J. S. de Matos

Nonlinear metasurface holography shows the great potential of metasurfaces to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light while simultaneously converting the frequency of the light. The possibility of tailoring the scattering…

Time-dependent nonlinear media, such as rapidly generated plasmas produced via laser ionization of gases, can increase the energy of individual laser photons and generate tunable high-order harmonic pulses. This phenomenon, known as photon…

Polar dielectrics with low crystal symmetry and sharp phonon resonances can support hyperbolic shear polaritons - highly confined surface modes with frequency-dependent optical axes and asymmetric dissipation features. So far, these modes…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-12 Enrico Maria Renzi , Emanuele Galiffi , Xiang Ni , Andrea Alù

While all media can exhibit first-order conductivity describing current linearly proportional to electric field, $E$, the second-order conductivity, $\sigma^{(2)}$ , relating current to $E^2$, is nonzero only when inversion symmetry is…

We study the propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered photonic crystals formed by materials with a spontaneous nonreciprocal response, such as Tellegen (axion) media or topological insulators. Surprisingly, it is proven that…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-07 Filipa R. Prudêncio , Sérgio A. Matos , Carlos R. Paiva

This research will examine the computational methods to calculate the nonlinear optical process of second harmonic generation (SHG) that will be hypothesized to be present during lithium ion insertion into silicon nanowires. First it will…

Optics · Physics 2021-10-19 Donald C. Boone

Natural hyperbolic materials have attracted significant interest in the field of photonics due to their unique optical properties. Based on the initial successful explorations on layered crystalline materials, hyperbolic dispersion was…

Optics · Physics 2025-11-25 Qi-Dong Hao , Hao Wang , Hong-Xing Song , Xiang-Rong Chen , Hua Y. Geng