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Related papers: What Medicine Taught Us About Fairness and What It…

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Fairness is a fundamental principle in medical ethics. Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant potential in the medical field due to their ability to leverage both visual and linguistic contexts, reducing the need for large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Peiran Wang , Linjie Tong , Jiaxiang Liu , Zuozhu Liu

The advent of powerful prediction algorithms led to increased automation of high-stake decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources such as government spending and welfare support. This automation bears the risk of perpetuating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-07 Matthias Kuppler , Christoph Kern , Ruben L. Bach , Frauke Kreuter

HealthBench, a benchmark designed to measure the capabilities of AI systems for health better (Arora et al., 2025), has advanced medical language model evaluation through physician-crafted dialogues and transparent rubrics. However, its…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Fred Mutisya , Shikoh Gitau , Nasubo Ongoma , Keith Mbae , Elizabeth Wamicha

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the potential to automate hiring by matching job descriptions with candidate resumes, streamlining recruitment processes, and reducing operational costs. However, biases inherent in these models may lead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hayate Iso , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Nikita Bhutani , Estevam Hruschka

People are rated and ranked, towards algorithmic decision making in an increasing number of applications, typically based on machine learning. Research on how to incorporate fairness into such tasks has prevalently pursued the paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Preethi Lahoti , Krishna P. Gummadi , Gerhard Weikum

Entity matching (EM) is a challenging problem studied by different communities for over half a century. Algorithmic fairness has also become a timely topic to address machine bias and its societal impacts. Despite extensive research on…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Nima Shahbazi , Nikola Danevski , Fatemeh Nargesian , Abolfazl Asudeh , Divesh Srivastava

Background: The rapid advancement of Machine Learning (ML) represents novel opportunities to enhance public health research, surveillance, and decision-making. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of algorithmic bias,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Shaina Raza , Arash Shaban-Nejad , Elham Dolatabadi , Hiroshi Mamiya

As artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly approaches human-level performance in medical imaging, it is crucial that it does not exacerbate or propagate healthcare disparities. Prior research has established AI's capacity to infer demographic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuzhe Yang , Haoran Zhang , Judy W Gichoya , Dina Katabi , Marzyeh Ghassemi

As machine learning (ML) systems increasingly shape access to credit, jobs, and other opportunities, the fairness of algorithmic decisions has become a central concern. Yet it remains unclear when enforcing fairness constraints in these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-10 Yi Yang , Xiangyu Chang , Pei-yu Chen

Health disparities are differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare between different groups, including racial and ethnic minorities, low-income people, and rural residents. An artificial intelligence (AI) program called large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yohn Jairo Parra Bautista , Vinicious Lima , Carlos Theran , Richard Alo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently gained significant attention for its enhanced ability to integrate external knowledge sources into open-domain question answering (QA) tasks. However, it remains unclear how these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Xuyang Wu , Shuowei Li , Hsin-Tai Wu , Zhiqiang Tao , Yi Fang

When training machine learning (ML) models for potential deployment in a healthcare setting, it is essential to ensure that they do not replicate or exacerbate existing healthcare biases. Although many definitions of fairness exist, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Aparajita Kashyap , Sara Matijevic , Noémie Elhadad , Steven A. Kushner , Shalmali Joshi

The field of fair machine learning aims to ensure that decisions guided by algorithms are equitable. Over the last decade, several formal, mathematical definitions of fairness have gained prominence. Here we first assemble and categorize…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Hamed Nilforoshan , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

Algorithmic fairness in lending today relies on group fairness metrics for monitoring statistical parity across protected groups. This approach is vulnerable to subgroup discrimination by proxy, carrying significant risks of legal and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Mark Weber , Mikhail Yurochkin , Sherif Botros , Vanio Markov

The present study performs a comprehensive fairness analysis of machine learning (ML) models for the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) from MRI-derived neuroimaging features. Biases associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Maria Eleftheria Vlontzou , Maria Athanasiou , Christos Davatzikos , Konstantina S. Nikita

Bias in machine learning has manifested injustice in several areas, such as medicine, hiring, and criminal justice. In response, computer scientists have developed myriad definitions of fairness to correct this bias in fielded algorithms.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Debjani Saha , Candice Schumann , Duncan C. McElfresh , John P. Dickerson , Michelle L. Mazurek , Michael Carl Tschantz

Deep Learning has advanced significantly in medical applications, aiding disease diagnosis in Chest X-ray images. However, expanding model capabilities with new data remains a challenge, which Continual Learning (CL) aims to address.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Marina Ceccon , Davide Dalle Pezze , Alessandro Fabris , Gian Antonio Susto

In recent years the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for automated medical image analysis has gained enormous momentum. At the same time, a large body of work has shown that AI systems can systematically and unfairly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-10 María Agustina Ricci Lara , Candelaria Mosquera , Enzo Ferrante , Rodrigo Echeveste

Fairness in machine learning is crucial when individuals are subject to automated decisions made by models in high-stake domains. Organizations that employ these models may also need to satisfy regulations that promote responsible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Shubham Sharma , Alan H. Gee , David Paydarfar , Joydeep Ghosh

As machine learning methods gain prominence within clinical decision-making, addressing fairness concerns becomes increasingly urgent. Despite considerable work dedicated to detecting and ameliorating algorithmic bias, today's methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Charles Jones , Daniel C. Castro , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Ozan Oktay , Melissa McCradden , Ben Glocker