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Previous work on the learnability of transformers \textemdash\ focused primarily on examining their ability to approximate specific algorithmic patterns through training \textemdash\ has largely been data-driven, offering only probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Debanjan Dutta , Anish Chakrabarty , Faizanuddin Ansari , Swagatam Das

Mechanistic interpretability (MI) is an emerging sub-field of interpretability that seeks to understand a neural network model by reverse-engineering its internal computations. Recently, MI has garnered significant attention for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Daking Rai , Yilun Zhou , Shi Feng , Abulhair Saparov , Ziyu Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. However, the size of LLMs is steadily increasing, hindering their application on computationally constrained environments. On the other hand,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jorge García-Carrasco , Alejandro Maté , Juan Trujillo

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse engineer the computation performed by a neural network in terms of its internal components. Although there is a growing body of research on mechanistic interpretation of neural networks, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Nils Palumbo , Ravi Mangal , Zifan Wang , Saranya Vijayakumar , Corina S. Pasareanu , Somesh Jha

Do transformers, when trained on sequential reasoning traces, build internal models of the underlying task? And if so, does the structure of those internal representations mirror the structure of the domain? We train an 8-layer transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Roman Kniazev , Nathanaël Fijalkow

Algorithm extraction aims to synthesize executable programs directly from models trained on algorithmic tasks, enabling de novo algorithm discovery without relying on human-written code. However, applying this paradigm to Transformer is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yifan Zhang , Wei Bi , Kechi Zhang , Dongming Jin , Jie Fu , Zhi Jin

Error correction code is a major part of the communication physical layer, ensuring the reliable transfer of data over noisy channels. Recently, neural decoders were shown to outperform classical decoding techniques. However, the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Keren Li , Peng Yan , Hanru Jiang , Nengkun Yu

Transformers have become a standard neural network architecture for many NLP problems, motivating theoretical analysis of their power in terms of formal languages. Recent work has shown that transformers with hard attention are quite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 William Merrill , Ashish Sabharwal , Noah A. Smith

Many simulation based Bounded Model Checking approaches to System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) have been devised. Typically such approaches exploit the capability of simulators to save computation time by saving and restoring the state…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-09-25 Toni Mancini , Federico Mari , Annalisa Massini , Igor Melatti , Enrico Tronci

Formally verified compilers and formally verified static analyzers are a solution to the problem that certain industries face when they have to demonstrate to authorities that the object code they run truly corresponds to its source code…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-12 David Monniaux

Universal quantifiers occur frequently in proof obligations produced by program verifiers, for instance, to axiomatize uninterpreted functions and to express properties of arrays. SMT-based verifiers typically reason about them via…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Alexandra Bugariu , Arshavir Ter-Gabrielyan , Peter Müller

Automated Machine Learning-based systems' integration into a wide range of tasks has expanded as a result of their performance and speed. Although there are numerous advantages to employing ML-based systems, if they are not interpretable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Ioannis Mollas , Nick Bassiliades , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Structured prompts require integrating components according to task-relevant relations. How a network implements this integration is often hard to judge in language or vision, where those relations are rarely specified precisely enough to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Ishita Darade , Sushrut Thorat

In this work we develop a fully automatic verification procedure of safety properties of Scade programs. We transform each such program into an SMT instance (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) and feed this to a solver. The goal is to have a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-13 Henning Basold

The circuits framework in mechanistic interpretability aims to identify causally important sparse subgraphs of model components, typically evaluated by measuring necessity and sufficiency. We measure circuit reuse, the proportion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Michael Li , Nishant Subramani

Transformers have become pivotal in Natural Language Processing, demonstrating remarkable success in applications like Machine Translation and Summarization. Given their widespread adoption, several works have attempted to analyze the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Swaroop Nath , Harshad Khadilkar , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

A novel model-based approach to verify dynamic networks is proposed; the approach consists in formally describing the network topology and dynamic link parameters. A many sorted first order logic formula is constructed to check the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Erick Petersen , Jorge López , Natalia Kushik , Claude Poletti , Djamal Zeghlache

The large transformer-based language models demonstrate excellent performance in natural language processing. By considering the transferability of the knowledge gained by these models in one domain to other related domains, and the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chandra Thapa , Seung Ick Jang , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Seyit Camtepe , Josef Pieprzyk , Surya Nepal

Microservice systems are becoming increasingly adopted due to their scalability, decentralized development, and support for continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD). However, this decentralized development by separate teams and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Connor Wojtak , Darek Gajewski , Tomas Cerny