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Related papers: Adaptive KV Cache Reuse for Fast Long-Context LLM …

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The memory-for-computation paradigm of KV caching is essential for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference service, but limited GPU high-bandwidth memory (HBM) capacity motivates offloading the KV cache to cheaper external storage…

Vision-Language Large Models (VLLMs) face significant efficiency challenges when processing high-resolution inputs. The quadratic complexity in attention and autoregressive generation, as well as the constantly growing key value (KV) cache…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhonghua Jiang , Kunxi Li , Yiyun Zhou , Sihao Liu , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei lv , Shengyu Zhang

Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed for complex tasks that process multiple generation calls in a tree structure with shared prefixes of tokens, including few-shot prompting, multi-step reasoning, speculative decoding,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Jinwei Yao , Kaiqi Chen , Kexun Zhang , Jiaxuan You , Binhang Yuan , Zeke Wang , Tao Lin

With context windows of millions of tokens, Long-Context Language Models (LCLMs) can encode entire document collections, offering a strong alternative to conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Francesco Maria Molfese , Momchil Hardalov , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Long-context LLMs have enabled numerous downstream applications but also introduced significant challenges related to computational and memory efficiency. To address these challenges, optimizations for long-context inference have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yucheng Li , Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Surin Ahn , Chengruidong Zhang , Amir H. Abdi , Dongsheng Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Self-attention is an essential component of large language models (LLM) but a significant source of inference latency for long sequences. In multi-tenant LLM serving scenarios, the compute and memory operation cost of self-attention can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Lu Ye , Ze Tao , Yong Huang , Yang Li

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive potential in various practical applications. However, long context inference poses a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the key-value (KV)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Chengming Zhang , Xubin He , Sian Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) use key-value (KV) cache to reduce redundant computation in autoregressive generation. However, the KV cache size increases linearly during generation, leading to excessive memory usage, especially for long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jian Yuan , Ziwei He , Haoli Bai , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly play an important role in a wide range of information processing and management tasks in industry. Many of these tasks are performed in large batches or even offline, and the performance indicator…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhen Zheng , Xin Ji , Taosong Fang , Fanghao Zhou , Chuanjie Liu , Gang Peng

Recently the generative Large Language Model (LLM) has achieved remarkable success in numerous applications. Notably its inference generates output tokens one-by-one, leading to many redundant computations. The widely-used KV-Cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Weizhuo Li , Zhigang Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

The key-value (KV) cache is a major bottleneck in long-context inference, where memory and computation grow with sequence length. Existing KV eviction methods reduce this cost but typically degrade performance relative to full-cache…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ngoc Bui , Hieu Trung Nguyen , Arman Cohan , Rex Ying

Modern online large language model (LLM) services, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and agent systems, increasingly expose two prominent characteristics: prompt segmentation (e.g., system instructions, retrieved passages, tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xingyu Qu , Tianhao Lin , Yiqi Li , Zhiyu Chen , Sheng Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in numerous applications requiring robust long-range capabilities, essential for processing extensive input contexts and continuously generating extended outputs. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Dachuan Shi , Yonggan Fu , Xiangchi Yuan , Zhongzhi Yu , Haoran You , Sixu Li , Xin Dong , Jan Kautz , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan , Lin

How to efficiently serve LLMs in practice has become exceptionally challenging due to their prohibitive memory and computation requirements. In this study, we investigate optimizing the KV cache, whose memory footprint poses a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Akshat Sharma , Hangliang Ding , Jianping Li , Neel Dani , Minjia Zhang

Prefix caching is a key optimization in Large Language Model (LLM) serving, reusing attention Key-Value (KV) states across requests with shared prompt prefixes to reduce expensive prefill computation. However, its benefit depends critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shaoke Fang , Ziang Li , Wenfei Wu , Jiatong Ji , Qingsong Liu , Ruizhi Pu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in complex multi-agent applications that rely on external function calls. This workload creates severe performance challenges for the KV Cache: spatial contention leads to the eviction…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zhuohang Bian , Feiyang Wu , Zhuoran Li , Teng Ma , Youwei Zhuo

Remote KV cache reuse fetches KV cache for identical contexts from remote storage, avoiding recomputation, accelerating LLM inference. While it excels in high-speed networks, its performance degrades significantly in bandwidth-limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Liang Mi , Weijun Wang , Jinghan Chen , Ting Cao , Haipeng Dai , Yunxin Liu

Large Language Model (LLM) serving is increasingly constrained by the growing size of the key-value (KV) cache, which scales with both context length and generation length. Prior work shows that attention is dominated by a small subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nazmul Takbir , Hamidreza Alikhani , Nikil Dutt , Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi

A critical approach for efficiently deploying computationally demanding large language models (LLMs) is Key-Value (KV) caching. The KV cache stores key-value states of previously generated tokens, significantly reducing the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Akide Liu , Jing Liu , Zizheng Pan , Yefei He , Gholamreza Haffari , Bohan Zhuang
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