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Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). The systolic array (SA) is a pipelined 2D array of processing elements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

The acceleration of deep-learning kernels in hardware relies on matrix multiplications that are executed efficiently on Systolic Arrays (SA). To effectively trade off deep-learning training/inference quality with hardware cost, SA…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-11 D. Filippas , C. Peltekis , G. Dimitrakopoulos , C. Nicopoulos

Transformer models rely heavily on the scaled dot-product attention (SDPA) operation, typically implemented as FlashAttention. Characterized by its frequent interleaving of matrix multiplications and softmax operations, FlashAttention fails…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiawei Lin , Yuanlong Li , Guokai Chen , Thomas Bourgeat

Deep learning-based point cloud processing plays an important role in various vision tasks, such as autonomous driving, virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR). The submanifold sparse convolutional network (SSCN) has been widely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-17 Zilun Wang , Wendong Mao , Peixiang Yang , Zhongfeng Wang , Jun Lin

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

Fast and accurate climate simulations and weather predictions are critical for understanding and preparing for the impact of climate change. Real-world weather and climate modeling consist of complex compound stencil kernels that do not…

Diffusion Transformers have become a dominant paradigm in visual generation, yet their low inference efficiency remains a key bottleneck hindering further advancement. Among common training-free techniques, caching offers high acceleration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Tong Shao , Yusen Fu , Guoying Sun , Jingde Kong , Zhuotao Tian , Jingyong Su

General matrix multiplication (GeMM) is a core operation in virtually all AI applications. Systolic array (SA) based architectures have shown great promise as GeMM hardware accelerators thanks to their speed and energy efficiency.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Md Mizanur Rahaman Nayan , Ritik Raj , Gouse Basha Shaik , Tushar Krishna , Azad J Naeemi

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generative tasks but suffer from high computational costs due to their iterative sampling process and quadratic attention costs. Existing training-free acceleration strategies that reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Ting Jiang , Yixiao Wang , Hancheng Ye , Zishan Shao , Jingwei Sun , Jingyang Zhang , Zekai Chen , Jianyi Zhang , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

In Diffusion Transformer (DiT) models, particularly for video generation, attention latency is a major bottleneck due to the long sequence length and the quadratic complexity. We find that attention weights can be separated into two parts:…

Sequence modeling is crucial for AI to understand temporal data and detect complex time-dependent patterns. While recurrent neural networks (RNNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and Transformers have advanced in capturing long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Shiva Raja , Cansu Demirkiran , Aakash Sarkar , Milos Popovic , Ajay Joshi

Orientation-rich images, such as fingerprints and textures, often exhibit coherent angular directional patterns that are challenging to model using standard generative approaches based on isotropic Euclidean diffusion. Motivated by the role…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yue Song , T. Anderson Keller , Sevan Brodjian , Takeru Miyato , Yisong Yue , Pietro Perona , Max Welling

This work presents TREA, a low-precision time-multiplexed and resource-efficient edge-AI accelerator for object detection and classification, targeting stringent area-power-latency constraints of edge vision platforms. The proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Vijay Pratap Sharma , Mukul Lokhande , Ratko Pilipovic , Omkar Kokane , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

Systolic Array (SA) architectures are well suited for accelerating matrix multiplications through the use of a pipelined array of Processing Elements (PEs) communicating with local connections and pre-orchestrated data movements. Even…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-11 C. Peltekis , D. Filippas , G. Dimitrakopoulos , C. Nicopoulos

Diffusion models play a pivotal role in contemporary generative modeling, claiming state-of-the-art performance across various domains. Despite their superior sample quality, mainstream diffusion-based stochastic samplers like DDPM often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-08 Yuchen Wu , Yuxin Chen , Yuting Wei

Stencil computation is one of the fundamental computing patterns in many application domains such as scientific computing and image processing. While there are promising studies that accelerate stencils on FPGAs, there lacks an automated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Xingyu Tian , Zhifan Ye , Alec Lu , Licheng Guo , Yuze Chi , Zhenman Fang

Diffusion transformers (DiT) have become the de facto choice for generating high-quality images and videos, largely due to their scalability, which enables the construction of larger models for enhanced performance. However, the increased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Pratheba Selvaraju , Tianyu Ding , Tianyi Chen , Ilya Zharkov , Luming Liang

The Transformer architecture has become the foundation of modern deep learning, yet its core self-attention mechanism suffers from quadratic computational complexity and lacks grounding in biological neural computation. We propose Selective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hasi Hays

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become incredibly popular in recent years, and the significance of traditional accelerators in dealing with large-scale parameters is urgent. With the diffusion model's parallel structure, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huan-Ke Hsu , I-Chyn Wey , T. Hui Teo

Artificial intelligence necessitates adaptable hardware accelerators for efficient high-throughput million operations. We present pipelined architecture with CORDIC block for linear MAC computations and nonlinear iterative Activation…

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