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As autonomous and agentic AI systems scale in robotic and human-machine environments, managing hallucination and persistent but unjustified action remains an open challenge. Rather than attributing these failures solely to model or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Srini Ramaswamy

The temporal assumptions underpinning conventional Identity and Access Management collapse under agentic execution regimes. A sixty-second revocation window permits on the order of $6 \times 10^3$ unauthorized API calls at 100 ops/tick; at…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Vladyslav Parakhin

Runtime assurance (RTA) addresses the problem of keeping an autonomous system safe while using an untrusted (or experimental) controller. This can be done via logic that explicitly switches between the untrusted controller and a safety…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Kristina Miller , Christopher K. Zeitler , William Shen , Mahesh Viswanathan , Sayan Mitra

A runtime assurance system (RTA) for a given plant enables the exercise of an untrusted or experimental controller while assuring safety with a backup (or safety) controller. The relevant computational design problem is to create a logic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Kristina Miller , Christopher K. Zeitler , William Shen , Kerianne Hobbs , Sayan Mitra , John Schierman , Mahesh Viswanathan

LLM agents are rapidly evolving from coding assistants into autonomous software engineering systems. However, existing evaluation methodologies remain largely centered on static, isolated, and short-horizon benchmarks that fail to capture…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yipeng Ouyang , Xin Huang , Bingjie Liu , Zhongchun Zheng , Yuhao Gu , Xianwei Zhang

Generating accurate runtime safety estimates for autonomous systems is vital to ensuring their continued proliferation. However, exhaustive reasoning about future behaviors is generally too complex to do at runtime. To provide scalable and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Matthew Cleaveland , Oleg Sokolsky , Insup Lee , Ivan Ruchkin

Traditional real-time systems are reluctant to integrate dynamic behavior since it challenges predictability and timeliness. Current efforts are starting to address the inclusion of a controllable level of dynamicity in real-time systems to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Julio Cano , Marisol García-Valls

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is essentially a trial-and-error learning procedure which may cause unsafe behavior during the exploration-and-exploitation process. This hinders the application of RL to real-world control problems, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Yutong Li , Nan Li , H. Eric Tseng , Anouck Girard , Dimitar Filev , Ilya Kolmanovsky

Automated driving systems require monitoring mechanisms to ensure safe operation, especially if system components degrade or fail. Their runtime self-representation plays a key role as it provides a-priori knowledge about the system's…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Richard Schubert , Marvin Loba , Jasper Sünnemann , Torben Stolte , Markus Maurer

Robots are still limited to controlled conditions, that the robot designer knows with enough details to endow the robot with the appropriate models or behaviors. Learning algorithms add some flexibility with the ability to discover the…

Autonomous agents can produce harmful behavioral patterns from individually valid requests -- a threat class per-request policy evaluation cannot address, because stateless engines evaluate each request in isolation. We present ACP, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Marcelo Fernandez

The execution behavior of a program often depends on external resources, such as program inputs or file contents, and so cannot be run in isolation. Nevertheless, software developers benefit from fast iteration loops where automated tools…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-30 David Bieber , Rishab Goel , Daniel Zheng , Hugo Larochelle , Daniel Tarlow

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and act across multi-step workflows with external effects, meaning trustworthy deployment can no longer be judged by task completion alone. The current literature remains fragmented across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Christopher Koch , Joshua Andreas Wellbrock

Large Action Models (LAMs) extend large language models by enabling autonomous decision-making and tool execution, making them promising for automating scientific workflows. However, scientific workflows impose strict requirements on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Suriya Sureshkumar

Generative agents based on large language models reproduce believable human behavior in cooperative settings, but how they should reason in situations where rule-breaking may be required, such as fire evacuation or authority-supervised…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmad Yehia , Abduallah Mohamed , Kun Qian , Tianyi Wang , Jiseop Byeon , Omar Hassanin , Christian Claudel

Enterprise agents are increasingly expected to operate autonomously across tools and interfaces, yet production deployments require governance by construction. Systems must specify which actions are allowed, when human oversight is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Segev Shlomov , Iftach Shoham , Alon Oved , Ido Levy , Sami Marreed , Harold Ship , Offer Akrabi , Sergey Zeltyn , Avi Yaeli , Nir Mashkif

To accurately make adaptation decisions, a self-adaptive system needs precise means to analyze itself at runtime. To this end, runtime verification can be used in the feedback loop to check that the managed system satisfies its requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Marc Carwehl , Thomas Vogel , Genaína Nunes Rodrigues , Lars Grunske

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and produce multi-step trajectories with external effects. Those properties create a governance problem that differs materially from single-turn generative AI: important risks emerge dur-…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Christopher Koch

Synchronous programming is a paradigm of choice for the design of safety-critical reactive systems. Runtime enforcement is a technique to ensure that the output of a black-box system satisfies some desired properties. This paper deals with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Srinivas Pinisetty , Partha S Roop , Steven Smyth , Stavros Tripakis , Reinhard von Hanxleden

Self-adaptive systems (SASs) are capable of adjusting its behavior in response to meaningful changes in the operational con-text and itself. The adaptation needs to be performed automatically through self-managed reactions and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Zhuoqun Yang , Zhi Jin , Zhi Li