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Currently, large language models (LLMs) predominantly focus on the text modality. To enable more natural human-AI interaction, speech LLMs are emerging, but building effective end-to-end speech LLMs remains challenging due to limited data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yan Zhou , Qingkai Fang , Yun Hong , Yang Feng

Large audio language models (ALMs) extend LLMs with auditory understanding. A common approach freezes the LLM and trains only an adapter on self-generated targets. However, this fails for reasoning LLMs (RLMs) whose built-in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Petr Grinberg , Hassan Shahmohammadi

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance on complex reasoning tasks. However, despite their strong reasoning capabilities in high-resource languages (e.g., English and Chinese), a significant performance gap persists…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Hyunwoo Ko , Guijin Son , Dasol Choi

In this work, we present Covo-Audio, a 7B-parameter end-to-end LALM that directly processes continuous audio inputs and generates audio outputs within a single unified architecture. Through large-scale curated pretraining and targeted…

Paralinguistic cues are essential for natural human-computer interaction, yet their evaluation in Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) remains limited by coarse feature coverage and the inherent subjectivity of assessment. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ruohan Liu , Shukang Yin , Tao Wang , Dong Zhang , Weiji Zhuang , Shuhuai Ren , Ran He , Caifeng Shan , Chaoyou Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet open-source multilingual LLMs remain scarce, with existing models often limited in language coverage. Such models typically prioritize well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiran Zhao , Chaoqun Liu , Yue Deng , Jiahao Ying , Mahani Aljunied , Zhaodonghui Li , Lidong Bing , Hou Pong Chan , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang

Rapidly developing large language models (LLMs) have brought tremendous intelligent applications. Especially, the GPT-4o's excellent duplex speech interaction ability has brought impressive experience to users. Researchers have recently…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiong Wang , Yangze Li , Chaoyou Fu , Yunhang Shen , Lei Xie , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Long Ma

Transcribing meetings containing overlapped speech with only a single distant microphone (SDM) has been one of the most challenging problems for automatic speech recognition (ASR). While various approaches have been proposed, all previous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-14 Naoyuki Kanda , Guoli Ye , Yu Wu , Yashesh Gaur , Xiaofei Wang , Zhong Meng , Zhuo Chen , Takuya Yoshioka

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible proficiency in performing tasks that require semantic understanding of natural language instructions. Recently, many works have further expanded this capability to perceive multimodal audio…

Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs) have emerged as a crucial paradigm in recent years, extending the capabilities of traditional LLMs to speech tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken dialogue modeling. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Phurich Saengthong , Boonnithi Jiaramaneepinit , Sheng Li , Manabu Okumura , Takahiro Shinozaki

Multimodal foundation models, such as Gemini and ChatGPT, have revolutionized human-machine interactions by seamlessly integrating various forms of data. Developing a universal spoken language model that comprehends a wide range of natural…

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating contextually appropriate responses but remain poorly calibrated for multi-party conversations, where deciding when to speak is as critical as what to say. In such settings, naively responding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Vihaan Nama , Shreya Mendi , Zian Ye , Brinnae Bent

This paper presents Open Unified Speech Language Models (OpusLMs), a family of open foundational speech language models (SpeechLMs) up to 7B. Initialized from decoder-only text language models, the OpusLMs are continuously pre-trained on…

Recent advances in end-to-end spoken language models (SLMs) have significantly improved the ability of AI systems to engage in natural spoken interactions. However, most existing models treat speech merely as a vehicle for linguistic…

Speech language models (SpeechLMs) have achieved substantial progress by extending large language models (LLMs) to the speech modality. However, SpeechLM evaluation remains heavily centered on English, limiting reliable assessment of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Haechan Kim , Seungjun Chung , Inkyu Park , Jihoo Lee , Jonghyun Lee

Speech encompasses a wealth of information, including but not limited to content, paralinguistic, and environmental information. This comprehensive nature of speech significantly impacts communication and is crucial for human-computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Junyi Ao , Yuancheng Wang , Xiaohai Tian , Dekun Chen , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Haizhou Li , Zhizheng Wu

Full-duplex spoken dialogue systems significantly surpass traditional turn-based dialogue systems, as they allow simultaneous bidirectional communication, closely mirroring human-human interactions. However, achieving low latency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Qinglin Zhang , Luyao Cheng , Chong Deng , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Siqi Zheng , Jiaqing Liu , Hai Yu , Chaohong Tan , Zhihao Du , Shiliang Zhang

While large language models have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities, their extension to the audio modality, particularly within large audio-language models (LALMs), remains underexplored. Addressing this gap requires a systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xingjian Diao , Chunhui Zhang , Keyi Kong , Weiyi Wu , Chiyu Ma , Zhongyu Ouyang , Peijun Qing , Soroush Vosoughi , Jiang Gui

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn linguistic competence directly from speech using discrete units, widening access to Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies for languages with limited written resources. However, progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Adel Moumen , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant attention, primarily for their capabilities in text-based interactions. However, natural human interaction often relies on speech, necessitating a shift towards voice-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wenqian Cui , Dianzhi Yu , Xiaoqi Jiao , Ziqiao Meng , Guangyan Zhang , Qichao Wang , Yiwen Guo , Irwin King