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Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the fundamental problems in autonomous mobile robots where a robot needs to reconstruct a previously unseen environment while simultaneously localising itself with respect to the map.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Tin Lai

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capability in a wide range of tasks such as visual recognition, document parsing, and visual grounding. Nevertheless, recent work shows that while VLMs often manage to capture the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Chengxin Liu , Wonseok Choi , Chenshuang Zhang , Tae-Hyun Oh

Image geolocalization has traditionally been addressed through retrieval-based place recognition or geometry-based visual localization pipelines. Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong zero-shot reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Siddhant Bharadwaj , Ashish Vashist , Fahimul Aleem , Shruti Vyas

Spatial intelligence is a critical frontier for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), empowering them to comprehend the physical world. Drawing inspiration from human perception mechanisms, prior studies attempt to construct a spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yibin Huang , Wang Xu , Wanyue Zhang , Helu Zhi , Jingjing Huang , Yangbin Xu , Yangang Sun , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao

Distinguishing spatial relations is a basic part of human cognition which requires fine-grained perception on cross-instance. Although benchmarks like MME, MMBench and SEED comprehensively have evaluated various capabilities which already…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Peijin Xie , Lin Sun , Bingquan Liu , Dexin Wang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Chengjie Sun , Jiajia Zhang

Spatial reasoning plays a vital role in both human cognition and machine intelligence, prompting new research into language models' (LMs) capabilities in this regard. However, existing benchmarks reveal shortcomings in evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Fangjun Li , David C. Hogg , Anthony G. Cohn

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document understanding, particularly in identifying and extracting textual information from complex documents. Despite this, accurately localizing answers within documents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Alessio Chen , Simone Giovannini , Andrea Gemelli , Fabio Coppini , Simone Marinai

Recent vision-language (VL) models are powerful, but can they reliably distinguish "right" from "left"? We curate three new corpora to quantify model comprehension of such basic spatial relations. These tests isolate spatial reasoning more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Amita Kamath , Jack Hessel , Kai-Wei Chang

Current Vision-Language Models (VLMs) fail at quantitative spatial reasoning because their architectures destroy pixel-level information required for counting and measurements. Vision encoders compress images through patch embeddings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peter A. Massih , Eric Cosatto

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved impressive results on single-view vision tasks, but lack the multi-view spatial reasoning capabilities essential for embodied AI systems to understand 3D environments and manipulate objects across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Suchae Jeong , Jaehwi Song , Haeone Lee , Hanna Kim , Jian Kim , Dongjun Lee , Dong Kyu Shin , Changyeon Kim , Dongyoon Hahm , Woogyeol Jin , Juheon Choi , Kimin Lee

Spatial reasoning is a fundamental capability for embodied intelligence, especially for fine-grained manipulation tasks such as robotic assembly. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit preliminary spatial awareness, they largely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhi Jing , Jinbin Qiao , Ouyang Lu , Jicong Ao , Shuang Qiu , Yu-Gang Jiang , Chenjia Bai

Despite impressive high-level video comprehension, multimodal language models struggle with spatial reasoning across time and space. While current spatial training approaches rely on real-world video data, obtaining diverse footage with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ellis Brown , Arijit Ray , Ranjay Krishna , Ross Girshick , Rob Fergus , Saining Xie

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance by effectively integrating visual and textual information to solve complex tasks. However, it is not clear how these models reason over the visual and textual data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Moin Aminnaseri , Estevam Hruschka

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently shown impressive generalization and language-guided manipulation capabilities. However, their performance degrades on tasks requiring precise spatial reasoning due to limited spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tianyuan Yuan , Yicheng Liu , Chenhao Lu , Zhuoguang Chen , Tao Jiang , Hang Zhao

We explore the application of large language models (LLMs) to empower domain experts in integrating large, heterogeneous, and noisy urban spatial datasets. Traditional rule-based integration methods are unable to cover all edge cases,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Bin Han , Robert Wolfe , Anat Caspi , Bill Howe

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) offer remarkable benefits for a variety of vision-language tasks. However, a challenge hindering their application in real-world scenarios, particularly regarding safety, robustness, and reliability, is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jiaying Lu , Jinmeng Rao , Kezhen Chen , Xiaoyuan Guo , Yawen Zhang , Baochen Sun , Carl Yang , Jie Yang

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive progress in multimodal mathematical reasoning. Yet, how much visual information truly contributes to reasoning remains unclear. Existing benchmarks report strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yuandong Wang , Yao Cui , Yuxin Zhao , Zhen Yang , Yangfu Zhu , Zhenzhou Shao

This thesis introduces "Embodied Spatial Intelligence" to address the challenge of creating robots that can perceive and act in the real world based on natural language instructions. To bridge the gap between Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiading Fang

We investigate the ability of Vision Language Models (VLMs) to perform visual perspective taking using a new set of visual tasks inspired by established human tests. Our approach leverages carefully controlled scenes in which a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Gracjan Góral , Alicja Ziarko , Piotr Miłoś , Michał Nauman , Maciej Wołczyk , Michał Kosiński
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