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Diagnostic prediction and clinical reasoning are critical tasks in healthcare applications. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in commonsense reasoning, they still struggle with diagnostic reasoning due to…

An accurate differential diagnosis (DDx) is a cornerstone of medical care, often reached through an iterative process of interpretation that combines clinical history, physical examination, investigations and procedures. Interactive…

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on standard medical benchmarks, yet their true clinical reasoning ability remains unclear. Existing datasets predominantly emphasize classification…

Accurate and interpretable image-based diagnosis remains a fundamental challenge in medical AI, particularly under domain shifts and rare-class conditions. Deep learning models often struggle with real-world distribution changes, exhibit…

Clinical diagnosis requires sequential evidence acquisition under uncertainty. However, most Large Language Model (LLM) based diagnostic systems assume fully observed patient information and therefore do not explicitly model how clinical…

Differential Diagnosis (DDx) is the process of identifying the most likely medical condition among the possible pathologies through the process of elimination based on evidence. An automated process that narrows a large set of pathologies…

An accurate differential diagnosis (DDx) is essential for patient care, shaping therapeutic decisions and influencing outcomes. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools to support this process by generating a…

The application of large language models (LLMs) in clinical decision support faces significant challenges of "tunnel vision" and diagnostic hallucinations present in their processing unstructured electronic health records (EHRs). To address…

Medical document analysis plays a crucial role in extracting essential clinical insights from unstructured healthcare records, supporting critical tasks such as differential diagnosis. Determining the most probable condition among…

As the field of artificial intelligence progresses, assistive technologies are becoming more widely used across all industries. The healthcare industry is no different, with numerous studies being done to develop assistive tools for…

Artificial intelligence has demonstrated significant potential in clinical decision-making; however, developing models capable of adapting to diverse real-world scenarios and performing complex diagnostic reasoning remains a major…

Large vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate strong performance in medical image understanding, but frequently generate clinically plausible yet incorrect statements, raising significant safety concerns. Existing medical hallucination…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in medical applications, yet existing benchmarks inadequately capture real-world clinical complexity. We introduce MEDSYN, a multilingual, multimodal benchmark of highly…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced clinical tasks for common conditions, but their performance on rare diseases remains largely untested. In rare-disease scenarios, clinicians often lack prior clinical knowledge, forcing…

Automatic differential diagnosis (DDx) is an essential medical task that generates a list of potential diseases as differentials based on patient symptom descriptions. In practice, interpreting these differential diagnoses yields…

Recent advances in reasoning-enhanced large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance in complex tasks, yet medical AI models often overlook the structured reasoning processes inherent in…

Mental health disorders represent a burgeoning global public health challenge. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in psychiatric assessment, their clinical utility is severely constrained by benchmarks that lack…

Artificial intelligence holds great promise for expanding access to expert medical knowledge and reasoning. However, most evaluations of language models rely on static vignettes and multiple-choice questions that fail to reflect the…

Deep learning (DL) networks have recently been shown to outperform other segmentation methods on various public, medical-image challenge datasets [3,11,16], especially for large pathologies. However, in the context of diseases such as…

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…