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High-Level Synthesis (HLS) compiles algorithmic C/C++ descriptions into hardware, with Quality of Results (QoR) -- latency and resource utilization -- critically governed by pragma configurations and code structure. Existing LLM-based HLS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qingyun Zou , Feng Yu , Hongshi Tan , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , WengFai Wong

Optimizing data movements is becoming one of the biggest challenges in heterogeneous computing to cope with data deluge and, consequently, big data applications. When creating specialized accelerators, modern high-level synthesis (HLS)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Stephanie Soldavini , Donatella Sciuto , Christian Pilato

Dynamically scheduled high-level synthesis (HLS) achieves higher throughput than static HLS for codes with unpredictable memory accesses and control flow. However, excessive dataflow scheduling results in circuits that use more resources…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Robert Szafarczyk , Syed Waqar Nabi , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Among parallel decoding paradigms, diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising candidate that balances generation quality and throughput. However, their integration with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hao Mark Chen , Zhiwen Mo , Royson Lee , Qianzhou Wang , Da Li , Shell Xu Hu , Wayne Luk , Timothy Hospedales , Hongxiang Fan

System Level Synthesis (SLS) parametrization facilitates controller synthesis for large, complex, and distributed systems by incorporating system level constraints (SLCs) into a convex SLS problem and mapping its solution to stable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-14 Shih-Hao Tseng , Carmen {Amo Alonso} , SooJean Han

As large language models (LLMs) scale out with tensor parallelism (TP) and pipeline parallelism (PP) and production stacks have aggressively optimized the data plane (attention/GEMM and KV cache), sampling, the decision plane that turns…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bohan Zhao , Zane Cao , Yongchao He

Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of domain-specific accelerators (DSAs), such as Google's TPUs, for accelerating various applications such as deep learning, search, autonomous driving, etc. To facilitate DSA designs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zongyue Qin , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

This book focuses on the use of algorithmic high-level synthesis (HLS) to build application-specific FPGA systems. Our goal is to give the reader an appreciation of the process of creating an optimized hardware design using HLS. Although…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Ryan Kastner , Janarbek Matai , Stephen Neuendorffer

We present a novel characterization of the mapping of multiple parallelism forms (e.g. data and model parallelism) onto hierarchical accelerator systems that is hierarchy-aware and greatly reduces the space of software-to-hardware mapping.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Ningning Xie , Tamara Norman , Dominik Grewe , Dimitrios Vytiniotis

The growing demand for efficient, high-performance processing in machine learning (ML) and image processing has made hardware accelerators, such as GPUs and Data Streaming Accelerators (DSAs), increasingly essential. These accelerators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Qunyou Liu , Marina Zapater , David Atienza

High-level synthesis (HLS) refers to the automatic translation of a software program written in a high-level language into a hardware design. Modern HLS tools have moved away from the traditional approach of static (compile time) scheduling…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Aditya Rajagopal , Diederik Adriaan Vink , Jianyi Cheng , Yann Herklotz

There have been several recent works proposed to utilize model-based optimization methods to improve the productivity of using high-level synthesis (HLS) to design domain-specific architectures. They would replace the time-consuming…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Zijian Ding , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Weikai Li , Zongyue Qin , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Autoregressive decoding of large language models (LLMs) is memory bandwidth bounded, resulting in high latency and significant wastes of the parallel processing power of modern accelerators. Existing methods for accelerating LLM decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yichao Fu , Peter Bailis , Ion Stoica , Hao Zhang

Production-quality parallel applications are often a mixture of diverse operations, such as computation- and communication-intensive, regular and irregular, tightly coupled and loosely linked operations. In conventional construction of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Ivy Bo Peng , Roberto Gioiosa , Gokcen Kestor , Erwin Laure , Stefano Markidis

In recent years, domain-specific accelerators (DSAs) have gained popularity for applications such as deep learning and autonomous driving. To facilitate DSA designs, programmers use high-level synthesis (HLS) to compile a high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zongyue Qin , Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) tools are widely adopted in FPGA-based domain-specific accelerator design. However, existing tools rely on fixed optimization strategies inherited from software compilations, limiting their effectiveness.…

Scientific applications are often complex, irregular, and computationally-intensive. To accommodate the ever-increasing computational demands of scientific applications, high-performance computing (HPC) systems have become larger and more…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Ali Mohammed , Aurelien Cavelan , Florina M. Ciorba , Ruben M. Cabezon , Ioana Banicesu

State-of-the-art Datalog engines include expressive features such as ADTs (structured heap values), stratified aggregation and negation, various primitive operations, and the opportunity for further extension using FFIs. Current…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Thomas Gilray , Arash Sahebolamri , Sidharth Kumar , Kristopher Micinski

The Simplex tableau has been broadly used and investigated in the industry and academia. With the advent of the big data era, ever larger problems are posed to be solved in ever larger machines whose architecture type did not exist in the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Demetrios Coutinho , Felipe O. Lins e Silva , Daniel Aloise , Samuel , Xavier-de-Souza

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for long-content generation (e.g., long Chain-of-Thought reasoning) where decoding efficiency becomes a critical bottleneck: Autoregressive decoding is inherently limited by its sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhepei Wei , Wei-Lin Chen , Xinyu Zhu , Yu Meng