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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a versatile tool in the burgeoning field of scientific machine learning for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, determining suitable training strategies for them is not…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Saad Qadeer , Panos Stinis

Severe accident analysis using system-level codes such as MELCOR is indispensable for nuclear safety assessment, yet the computational cost of repeated simulations poses a significant bottleneck for parametric studies and uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jeesuk Shin , Donggyun Seo , Sihyeong Yu , Joongoo Jeon

Neural networks, a central tool in machine learning, have demonstrated remarkable, high fidelity performance on image recognition and classification tasks. These successes evince an ability to accurately represent high dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-08 Grant M. Rotskoff , Eric Vanden-Eijnden

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have lately received great attention thanks to their flexibility in tackling a wide range of forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations. However, despite their noticeable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Sifan Wang , Xinling Yu , Paris Perdikaris

Due to divergence instability, the accuracy of low-order conforming finite element methods for nearly incompressible elasticity equations deteriorates as the Lam\'e coefficient $\lambda\to\infty$, or equivalently as the Poisson ratio…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Josef Dick , Seungchan Ko , Quoc Thong Le Gia , Kassem Mustapha , Sanghyeon Park

The potential of learned models for fundamental scientific research and discovery is drawing increasing attention worldwide. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), where the loss function directly embeds governing equations of scientific…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Nicholas Sung Wei Yong , Jian Cheng Wong , Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Abhishek Gupta , Chinchun Ooi , Yew-Soon Ong

We present pseudo-differential enhanced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), an extension of gradient enhancement but in Fourier space. Gradient enhancement of PINNs dictates that the PDE residual is taken to a higher differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Andrew Gracyk

Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (PIKANs) are gaining attention as an effective counterpart to the original multilayer perceptron-based Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). Both representation models can address inverse…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-17 Nazanin Ahmadi Daryakenari , Khemraj Shukla , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively used to represent various physical systems across multiple scientific domains. The same can be said for cardiac electrophysiology, wherein fully-connected neural networks (FCNNs) have…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Roshan Antony Gomez , Julien Stöcker , Barış Cansız , Michael Kaliske

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising numerical method based on deep learning for modeling boundary value problems, showcasing promising results in various fields. In this work, we use PINNs to discretize…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 Michel Nohra , Steven Dufour

Physics informed neural network (PINN) based solution methods for differential equations have recently shown success in a variety of scientific computing applications. Several authors have reported difficulties, however, when using PINNs to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Arnav Gangal , Luis Kim , Sean P. Carney

p-spin glasses, characterized by frustrated many-body interactions beyond the conventional pairwise case (p>2), are prototypical disordered systems whose ground-state search is NP-hard and computationally prohibitive for large instances.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-19 Li Zeng , Mutian Shen , Tianle Pu , Zohar Nussinov , Qing Feng , Chao Chen , Zhong Liu , Changjun Fan

This paper investigates propagation of SH-waves in a layered composite structure consisting of a pre-stressed functionally graded magnetoelastic orthotropic layer overlying a pre-stressed functionally graded orthotropic half-space under the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Diksha , Katyayani , Hriticka Dhiman , Soniya Chaudhary , Pawan Kumar Sharma , Mayank Kumar Jha

Recent works have partly attributed the generalization ability of over-parameterized neural networks to frequency bias -- networks trained with gradient descent on data drawn from a uniform distribution find a low frequency fit before high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Ronen Basri , Meirav Galun , Amnon Geifman , David Jacobs , Yoni Kasten , Shira Kritchman

We develop a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to significantly augment state-of-the-art experimental data and apply it to stratified flows. The PINN is a fully-connected deep neural network fed with time-resolved, three-component…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-09-27 Lu Zhu , Xianyang Jiang , Adrien Lefauve , Rich R. Kerswell , P. F. Linden

Training learned image compression (LIC) models entails navigating a challenging optimization landscape defined by the fundamental trade-off between rate and distortion. Standard first-order optimizers, such as SGD and Adam, struggle with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Yichi Zhang , Fengqing Zhu

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often exhibit failure modes in which the PDE residual loss converges while the solution error stays large, a phenomenon traditionally blamed on local optima separated from the true solution by steep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chenhui Xu , Dancheng Liu , Amir Nassereldine , Jinjun Xiong

Solving coupled systems of differential equations (DEs) is a central problem across scientific computing. While Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising, mesh-free approach, their standard architectures struggle with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Zhao-Wei Wang , Zhao-Ming Wang